Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

The most important sample points were plotted
onto topographic charts.
Voucher collections (lichen specimens) are
deposited in the herbarium of the Public Museum
for Nature Study, Stuttgart (STU).
5.4 Consideration of Old Data Found
Numerous botanists and amateurs have in the
past, through their collecting, contributed to a
truly solid lichenological knowledge of the
region of Baden-Württemberg, though the
research was very uneven and the inconspicuous
species are strongly under represented. From the
published finds and the vouchers deposited in
herbaria it appears that many species are, since
that time extinct or strongly decreased (see topic
1.3). Since earlier a systematic inclusion of
lichen occurrences was not given and as a rule
only a narrow vicinity around home and some
few excursion areas were collected, are also
single discoveries outside the today proven areas
of definite reference from one in the interval
following shrinkage of the area of distribution;
even less the climatic and edaphic divergence of
the former habitat from the wider surroundings,
all the more in all likelihood the evidence is
representative and not an isolated discovery.
To document the decrease of lichens,
herbarium data and reliable published statements
were assimilated for the raster point charts and
were emphasized with special signatures.
Different time ranges were differentiated:
1. recorded previous to 1900,
2. recorded in the time range 1900 to 1949,
3. recorded from 1950 to 1974,
4. recorded after 1975
Actual occurrences have “priority” over old
records in the same base field. A regression of
area is documented accordingly by the
corresponding symbol for old discoveries in the
chart picture. Although the regression of lichens
in the last hundred years has taken a dismaying
dimension, it can be expressed only in especially
grave cases because of the relatively coarse
ordinance survey raster in the chart picture, since
it often still has retained the residue population.
5.5 Consideration of Anthropogenic Habitat
As laid out in topic 1.3, numerous species have
found new habitats on human created substrates,
such as grave- and boundary-stones, walls and
monuments or roof tiles. It is of interest in area
information to document, as an addition to the
occurrence of a rock lichen on their spreading to
such anthropogenic substrates. There were
plotted separately in the distribution charts
numerous species which are restricted to such
anthropogenic substrates (used smaller than
normal size point). So the natural and that area
conquered, thanks to man, can to a certain extent
be differentiated.
6 Glossary
Notice: Ecological and plant geographical terms
were treated extensively in the previous topic.
adventitious, adentitious plants: Plants which
only immigrate with human assistance; not
originally occurring in the floral region.
Algal layer: in most lichens the algae lie in an ±
continuous layer near the upper surface.
amyloid: colored blue or violet by I (iodine).
anastomosing: in the case of paraphyses:
reticulate bound.
angiocarp: fruiting body, in which the
hymenium is enclosed until the asci are ripe;
hemiangiocarp: fruiting body enclosed at first,
in which the hymenium to begin with is covered
by a protective layer, which when fully mature
frees the asci.
anisotomic: branching type; branching in a rather
long and often thick main axis and in one (or
more) shorter and weaker side axis.
anticlinal: perpendicular to the upper surface.
apical: at the tip, toward the tip.
apical structure: structure at the tip of the ascus,
which functions in taking over the releasing of
the spores, often in the form of a visible
thickening, often colored blue (partially) with I.
Of systematic importance.
apothecium: fruiting body of ascomycetes e.g.
the corresponding lichens, usually of disk
forming, cup form or hemispherical form, with
entirely free lying [exposed] hymenium (see
perithecium).
areolate: divided into small areas
aspicilioid: Ap. sunken into the thallus.
ascus (pl. asci): usually ± cylindric to clavate
cells, in which the spores (usually 8) are
produced in the fruiting bodies of the
ascomycetes or in the corresponding lichens, sit
in the hymenium.
erect: inclined upward growing or toward the top
of up turned end of lobes.
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