Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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yellowish-green to olive green, P+ red. Ap. lacking. On soil in dry warm sites (if undersides white, small foliose (Cladonia) . Cladonia foliacea s.l. 14* Thallus ± rosette, lobed at least at the margin, closely appressed or ascending at the margins, upper side pale yellowish-green, whitish green, or yellowish, undersides ± whitish, P-, medulla P- or P+ yellow. Commonly with ± brown ap. with thalloid margin . Lecanora PT 1 15 Thallus usually -2, rarely 3 cm wide, rosette, closely attached, interior with often coalescing fleck soralia, underside black. Lobes narrow, flat, delicate, K+ weakly yellowish. Medulla R-. Above all on acid bark or wood, very rarely on rock. Parmeliopsis ambigua 15* Thallus with other characteristics (if habitat similar to the previous species, then the medulla and soralia K+ orange, P+ orange), underside pale or brown to black . Parmelia 16 Moist thallus gelatinous swelling, dry very inflexible, gray, or brown to black. With bluegreen algae. Algae not arranged in a layer Key III 16* Moist thallus not gelatinous . 17 17 Lichens attached to limestone, mortar, or concrete . 18 17* Lichens on other substrates 19 18 Thallus without rhizines, in the main attached to the rock only by a ± central post (navel), otherwise ± free, usually little organized and ± one lobed or rarely many lobed, without soralia or isidia . Dermatocarpon miniatum 18* Thallus attached at numerous sites by rhizines, divided deeply into many or few narrow lobes, usually with soralia or isidia GS Physcia 19 Thallus in the main only attached by a ± centrally located post (navel) on (silicate) rock, otherwise ± free, usually little organized and ± single lobed or rarely many lobed (umbilicate lichens) . 20 19* Thallus not attached by a ± central navel, on rock, bark, mosses or peat . 21 20 Thallus upper side with punctiform small, sunken black perithecia, gray-white to brownish, underside ± brownish to rose, smooth to slightly wrinkled, without rhizines. Sp. colorless, single celled Dermatocarpon 20* Thallus sterile or with black shield form ap., whitish-gray, brown, or black-brown, underside pale brown to black, with or without rhizines, smooth, warty or channeled. Sp. one-celled to muriform, colorless or brown. GS Umbilicaria 21 Thallus lobes welded into one almost schield-like thallus, closely attached, gray-blue, often with filamentous prothallus, with bluegreen algae. Extremely rare, on high oceanic habitats . Degelia 21* Thallus otherwise . 22 22 Thallus lobes arched at the ends into flat to saddle form, undersides free ap., generally at least 2 mm wide, undersides with veins or hairy or bald. With bluegreen algae, rarely with green algae, then the thallus in the moist state deep green . 23 22* Thallus lobes without such terminal ap. . 24 23 Ap. on the upper side of the usually ascending lobes, flat or saddle form. Underside with coarse, branched and reticulate veins as well as with tufted rhizines or scattered long single rhizines, rarely uniformly felty, without cortex. Sp. narrow spindle like to needle form, four to many celled cross septate, brown, at least 30µm long . Peltigera 23* Ap. on the underside of the lobes, but often opening later, not saddle form, red-brown. Underside not with such veins, but sometimes wrinkled, bald or velvety hairy, beige, pale brown, rarely to black-brown, with cortex. Sp. 4celled, fusiform, pale brown, up to 27 µm long Nephroma 24 Underside of the thallus orange-red. Alpine soil lichen . Solorina crocea 24* Underside of the thallus not orange-red . 25 25 Ap. sunken in definite rough depressions of the thallus, without thalloid margin. Thallus gray, green when moist, at times developed as only a ring around the ap., with green algae, in addition with bluegreen algae in parts of the thallus. Sp. brown to red-brown, 2-celled by a septum. Solorina 25* Ap. not in excavated depressions . 26 26 Lichen lobes over 5 mm wide. Relatively large lichens 27 26* Lichens with narrower lobes 37 27 Underside of the thallus with stout, branched and reticulate, raised veins as well as isolated to usually bushy rhizines, without cortex, therefore often ± felty rough and dull. Thallus broad lobed, ap., if occurring, at the ends of the lopes, flat to saddle-form. Lobes broad. Sp. 4-8celled, colorless to brown. Usually on soil and mosses, rarely directly on bark . Peltigera 27* Underside of the thallus without raised vein net, often however rugose, at times with arched structures, which are divided by engraved depressions . 28 28 Thallus underside bald, without rhizines (examine carefully!), without hairs, smooth to engraved or felty 29 28* Thallus underside with distinct rhizines or densely hairy 31 29 Thallus upper side divided by wide meshed reticulate ridges with ± oval to elongate depressions lying between them, light brown, olive-brown, or greenish-olive, greenish when moist, underside usually beige to pale brownish, the upper side pits corresponds to the underside by ± wrinkling “pits” leading to arches . Lobaria (pulm./lin.) 29* Thallus upper side smooth to slightly wrinkled 30 40
30 Thallus underside consistently felty, black-brown to black, coarse, without cortex, ascending at the tips, upper side gray to brownish or dirty greenish-brown, without soralia, soil dwelling Peltigera 30* Thallus underside not felty, whitish, beige brownish or black-brown, smooth to wrinkled, with cortex, upper side gray, brown, or redbrown, with or without soralia . Nephroma 31 Underside of the thallus at least partially thickly hairy (hand lens!), pale to brown. Rare lichens in very humid or nitrogen-rich sites 32 31* Underside not densely short-hairy, but often with rhizines 34 32 Thallus underside with numerous pits, sharply outlined as though punched out, densely hairy, beige to moderately brown. Upper side graybrown to brown. Almost never with ap. Sticta 32* Thallus underside without sharply bordered pits 33 33 Thallus with green algae, slightly altered to grass-green by soaking, never clearly blue-green to gray-black, dry white-gray or yellow-brown to brown, smooth to wrinkled or with large oval, very flat pits and raised ridges. Ap., if occurring, laminal or almost marginal, brown or red-brown, with definite thalloid margin. Sp. 2- to multicellular, fusiform to needle form, colorless to brown. Often additionally with bluegreen algae Lobaria 33* Thallus only with bluegreen algae (Nostoc), soaked blue-gray to black-gray, dry pale brown, dark brown or gray-brown (to almost gray), smooth or slightly wrinkled Nephroma 34 Thallus olive to brown, without gray areas 35 34* Thallus colored otherwise, usually gray-white to gray, but sometimes gray at the margin, even dusty green (GS Parmelia) 36 35 Thallus with ascending lobes, the wavy margins with border soralia, olive to brown, underside pale brownish, ± shiny, with sparse rhizines. Thallus/medulla R- Cetraria chlorophylla 35* Thallus with isidia or warts or entirely without isidia, underside pale to black. Rhizines sparse to numerous. Medulla C+ red or C- GS Parmelia 36 Thallus with scattered fine white dots, gray, very slightly bluish-gray, broad lobed, with rounded ascending margins with border soralia, never with fleck soralia . Cetrelia 36* Thallus with other characteristics, if with white dots, then with fleck soralia . GS Parmelia 37 On limestone, line rich soil, lime loving mosses. With green algae (if only with bluegreen algae, ↑ Key III) 38 37* On other substrates 39 38 Thallus clearly lobed at the margin (placoid), but lichen truly crustose, without an underside structure. ↑ Key VII (Lecanora/Solenopsora) 38* Thallus foliose, with an underside structure, deeply dissected, with narrow lobes, underside with rhizines, or of tiny divided lobules, gray to brown, also pruinose, not becoming green when moist . GS Physia 39 Thallus with bluegreen algae, without green algae. Unusual species of nitrogen rich sites (today almost only still in the mountains). Thallus brown to gray-brown, moistened becoming blue-gray to dark gray (bluer when moist), ± decumbent, with granular-sorediate margins or with reddish apothecia. Not with typical or with very few rhizines 40 39* Thallus with green algae, moisture not clearly discoloring or more greenish 41 40 Thallus underside paraplectenchymous (cellular) cortex, beige, pale to dark brownish, without rhizines, but occasionally with finely short hairy, upper side brown, brown-gray, when moist dark gray, with ascending margins (ap. on lobe ends) Nephroma 40* Thallus underside without cortex (attached with medulla hyphae), closely appressed or somewhat ascending, producing small (in the range -3 cm large) rosettes or irregularly small squamules or narrow lobes, bluish-gray, gray or ± brown, often with gray to blackish to blue-green prothallus. Lobes flat to concave. Ap., when occurring, rose-brown to blackish, biatorine to lecanorine, -2mm. GS Pannaria 41 Thallus very dainty, loosely attached, almost small fruticose, with very fine 0.05-0.3 mm wide brown-gray to brown (greenish when moist) lobes, K-. Lobes at the isidiate at the margins (disintegrating into soredia), underside pale. On eutrophic rock, rarer on dust impregnated bark Phaeophyscia nigricans 41* Thallus more robust, with other characteristics 42 42 Thallus underside completely without definite rhizines . 43 42* Thallus underside with (at times sparse) rhizines . 47 43 Thallus upper side with cylindrical to coraloid isidia. Lobes gray, ± forked, underside somewhat concave, at the young parts white to rose, the older gray to blue-black, commonly attached to the substrate . Pseudevernia furfuracea 43* Thallus without isidia 44 44 Thallus of pale gray to brownish-gray band form segments, are covered with stiff cilia on the ends (margins), underside whitish and sometimes wrinkled, often with ap., disks brown-black, often pruinose. Sp. 2-celled, brown GS Physcia 44* Thallus margins/ends without cilia . 45 45 Thallus K-, very closely (almost crustose) appressed to the substrate, scarcely to loosened, rosetted, -2 cm, underside pale to dark, with sparse attachment points, upper side brownish- 41
Page 1 and 2: 555 Color photographs 55 Black and
Page 3 and 4: One by one I thank numerous colleag
Page 5 and 6: of metabolism and in metabolic inac
Page 7 and 8: 1.3.2 Extension of Areas Occasional
Page 9 and 10: The lichen species are for the most
Page 11 and 12: through a pore, as a rule it is a p
Page 13 and 14: which are then described as macro-,
Page 15 and 16: Argopsin - - - orange Arthothelin -
Page 17 and 18: abrasion or a cut is to be recommen
Page 19 and 20: the case of bark habitats, since ba
Page 21 and 22: providing a process for this in the
Page 23 and 24: Alliance: Parmelion perlatae James
Page 25 and 26: near desert region occurring or lac
Page 27 and 28: Greenwich as well as 47°31’ and
Page 29 and 30: axial mass: to be found in the thol
Page 31 and 32: paraphysoid: arising before or duri
Page 33 and 34: Symbols in the Keys: ! refer to ill
Page 35 and 36: lichen thallus are often deformed a
Page 37 and 38: 5* Thallus not with yellow or pale
Page 39: cyphellae. Lichesteric acid, Protol
Page 43 and 44: Rhizines black to brown-black, scat
Page 45 and 46: 27 On dry calcareous soils (dry gra
Page 47 and 48: Hymenium contains small globose to
Page 49 and 50: 2* On wood, rarer on bark . 3 3 Ap.
Page 51 and 52: 26* Sp. colorless 27 27 Sp. 2- to m
Page 53 and 54: 66 Thallus with Trentepohlia algae,
Page 55 and 56: 102* Ap. with margin, nonpruinose,
Page 57 and 58: 2 Thallus with conspicuous pycnidia
Page 59 and 60: places, very thin, KC+/C+ (transien
Page 61 and 62: 14 Soralia dusty gray-green to dark
Page 63 and 64: ±(Squamatic acid). Above all on Co
Page 65 and 66: Macentina stigonemoides 70* Thallus
Page 67 and 68: Thallus crustose, thin, usually gra
Page 69 and 70: larger, thallus not radiate- rosett
Page 71 and 72: Similar to A. umbilicata (↑), Lec
Page 73 and 74: Thallus crustose, little differenti
Page 75 and 76: loose hyphae (arachnoid). Photobion
Page 77 and 78: own, sometimes (as in A. ciliaris)
Page 79 and 80: such progressive eutrification of t
Page 81 and 82: violet. Hym. and Hyp. colorless to
Page 83 and 84: only rarely fruiting and overlooked
Page 85 and 86: in the region, yet lacking in regio
Page 87 and 88: 13* Sp. 2 celled, only a few old sp
Page 89 and 90: forests. (Pruno-Fraxinetum), m.acid
Page 91 and 92:
the remaining indigenous epilithic
Page 93 and 94:
Bellemerea cinereorufescens 20 Thal
Page 95 and 96:
Porpidion tub. - bor-med-mo - r.rar
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25(28) x 2.5-3 µm. Thallus whitish
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8* Epihym. blue-green, olive, olive
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celled. Thallus finely granular to
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Up into the montane zone on dying m
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subneutroph.-r.acidoph., m.photoph.
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Rhizocarpetum alp. - arct-alp - Alp
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Biatora epixanthoidiza (Nyl.) Räs
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(Determination ↑ Hypogymnia) Intr
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anisotomic- dichotomous ( ). Branch
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amplitude of Pseudevernia f. (↑)
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11 On rock dwelling yellow-whitish
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B. leptocline 42* Sp. narrower, 9-1
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surfaces, subneutroph.-neutroph., m
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ornamented (spirally ordered ribs).
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quinone containing yellow to red co
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K-, also partially yellowish-gray t
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cinnabar- to dark red or brownish-r
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31 Thallus yellow to yellow-orange.
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Caloplaca alociza (Massal.) Migula
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smed-mo/alp - v.rare (R); süSch (U
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anombroph., a-/m.nitroph., e.g. in
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thickened above. Asci clavate, Cand
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Caloplacetum sax. -s’mieur-med(mo
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C. rufescens sits on high relief li
Page 145 and 146:
Psoretum - s’mieur-med - v.rare (
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5 µm, often shrunken at the septum
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Usually on lime-rich rocks up into
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(Key includes Cetrelia, Corniculari
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11* Thallus otherwise colored. Ap.
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habitats, like Parmelia stygia (↑
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Stichococcus. Exc. indefinitely dev
Page 159 and 160:
Chaenotheca gracilenta (Ach.) Matts
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10 Usually growing on whitish crust
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anitroph., Char. Chrysotrichetalia
Page 165:
1 Podetia (at least at the base) wi
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Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

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