Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

subhymenium: structurally diverging from the
hypothecium layer immediately below the
hymenium, only rarely clearly developed.
synanthrop: plants, whose occurrence have been
widened through the activities of man (e.g.
limestone dwelling species on walls).
syndrom = chemosyndrom.
thallinocarp: gall-like thallus swelling, in which
asci develop.
thermophytic: warmth loving.
tholus (apical dome): the thickened inner part of
the ascus-wall at the ascus tip; loosely: clearly
developing at the tip of an ascus.
torus: ring structure around the separate lamellae
in the septum of Rinodina-spores, in optical
section recognized as a dark point on both sides
of the septum near the outer wall.
tuberculate: projecting warty.
unlayered (homoiomerous): algae not limited to
a certain layer or concentrated.
unitunicate: ascus with a wall which does not
split when into two layers when the spores are
ripe (see bitunicate).
cemented: in the case of hyphae: hyphae or
paraphyses closely backed to one another,
difficult to loosen from one another.
vertical thallus = secondary thallus.
prothallus: algae-free border about the margin of
the thallus or the thallus areoles, often colored
blackish.
warty: thallus with wart-like swellings (larger
than “granules”); warty areolate; areoles convex.
water capacity: water storing capability.
cilia: hair- or bristle-like accessory organs at the
margin of thallus lobes, rarely on the margin of
apothecia.
central strand: in the case of Usnea: elastic,
tough central hyphal strand in the filamentous
thallus segment.
dissolving (gelatinizing and disappearing): in the
case of paraphyses: strongly slimy, so that in the
ripe hymenium the paraphyses are scarcely or no
longer visible, above all in the pyrenocarpic
lichens.
cilia = bristles.
7 Abbreviations and Clarification Marks
To reduce the size of the book, the use of
numerous signs and abbreviations was
imperative.
µm micrometer (1 µm -0.001 mm)
± more or less
Ap.: apothecium
C+/C-: reaction with hypochlorite positive/
negative (see chapter 3.2.5)
Ch-: lichen substances lacking, no
reaction with K, C, or P
Char.: characteristic species
CK+: reaction with C and later adding K
positive (see chapter 3.2.5)
Epihym.: Epihymenium
Exc.: Exciple
f(hf): photo shows lichen thallus in moist
(semi moist) condition
Ges.: society
GS: Group Key. The key to this genus
takes into consideration species of
other genera. Which in the genus
key
mentions characters of value for
further understanding of other
genera.
H: photo of herbarium material
Hym.: Hymenium
Hyp.: Hypothecium
Invol.: Involucrellum
I+/I-: reaction with iodine solution (see
chapter 3.2.5)
KC+/KC- reaction with K and later adding C
(see chapter 3.2.5)
K/I+ reaction with I after previous
treatment with K (see chapter
3.2.5)
P+/P-: reaction with P (see chapter 3.2.5)
Paraph.: paraphyses and similar structures
Per.: perithecia
Pseudocyph: pseudocyphellae
Pcynosp.: pycnospores
R-: reactions with K, C, & P negative
s.l.: in the broader sense
Sp.: spores
tol.: tolerant
PT: (part of the key). In the case of
extensive genera the keys are
divided in to various parts.
UV+/UV- in UV light fluorescing or not
fluorescing (see chapter 3.2.5)
v.a. above all
W.: forest, forests
z.: rather, rather strong
zus.: together
7.2 Clarification of Symbols
32