Baden-Württemberg - Lichens of Wales

3* Lichen not differentiated into a basal, ±
horizontal and a vertical part . 4
4 Lichen beard-like pendent or shrub-like
spreading or ± growing erect of thread-like and
decumbent, of ± narrow, terete, angular or
ribbon-like, usually branched segments,
dominantly growing rather long .
I: Fruticose Lichens
4* Thallus covering the substrate, closely appressed
to loosely attached (or the margins somewhat
turned up), crustose, lobed to squamulose or very
indefinite, never of cylindrical or relatively
thread-like segments, dominantly a flat growing
form . 5
5 Thallus foliose or lobed, loosely attached or
appressed, yet not with the entire underside
growing smoothly attached to the substrate, but
attached with stalk-like attachment organs, with
the typical underside often ± undifferentiated
from the middle, both sides or only one side with
a cortex II. Foliose Lichens
5* Thallus entirely crustose to definitely lobed at the
margin, with the entire underside growing
attached to the substrate or squamulose and ±
free at the squamule margins or the thallus
indefinite. Without typical attachment organs
such as rhizines, the underside usually without a
cortex, commonly consisting only of fragments or
a single squamule 6
6 Thallus with blue green algae (devoid of green
algae), usually dark colored, gray to blackish,
brown, at times gelatinous swollen; if on rock,
then often growing on water streaks (in the keys
the blue green lichens are considered fruticose
and foliose lichens) III: Blue Green Lichens
6* Thallus with green algae (Algae green, yellow
green, yellow, or orange), at times additionally
with blue green algae in discrete organs. The
moist thallus only very rarely swelling, then
green .7
7 Lichens without fruiting bodies (Includes
frequently sterile species, usually with soralia or
isidia . VIII: Sterile Crustose Lichens
7* Lichens with fruiting bodies . 8
8 Fruiting bodies delicate and small, ± short
needle-form (with a thin stalk and a thickened
capitulum), usually -1, rarely -2 mm high or
sessile to sunken, then usually covered with a
dusty mass (mazaedium). Generally on rain
protected sites. The indigenous species
predominantly on bark and wood, if on soil, rock
and mosses, than the thallus mealy and yellowish,
green-yellow to whitish
. IV: Coniocarpic Lichens
8* Fruiting bodies otherwise (if otherwise stalked,
then the stalk robust, whitish to gray greenish, the
capitulum brown or rose) . 9
9 Fruiting bodies are perithecia and opening with a
fine dot-like mouth, usually visible only under a
hand lens of microscope, keg like to ± pear
shaped, but generally sunken and therefore only
the upper, ± convex shield is seen as rounded to
oval V: Pyrenocarpic Lichens
9* Fruiting bodies are apothecia with ± wide
openings, rarely crack-forms or openings like
punctiform disks with concave, flat or convex
upper sides, with or without margins 10
10 Apothecia long streaks to shortly elliptical or
lobed or star shaped, simple or branched .
VI: Fleck or Streak Fruiting Crustose Lichens
10* Apothecia predominately rounded to somewhat
wavy at the margins VII: Disk Fruiting
Crustose Lichens
4 Keys for the Lichens:
Genera and Sterile Species
Genus Keys I: Fruticose Lichens
1 Thallus consisting of overlapping small foliose,
squamulose or a crustose part on the substrate
(basal thallus or primary thallus) and a ± erect to
ascending, peg-, lance- or cup form or ± shrubby
branched part (vertical thallus or podetium).
Apothecium generally biatorin. . 2
1* Thallus not differentiated into two types 5
2 Podetia (vertical thallus) hollow, tubular, very
polymorphic. Ap. usually terminal, brown, red,
brown-yellow, often lacking. Sp. single celled.
On various substrates Cladonia
2* Podetia (vertical thallus) not hollow, never cup
forming 3
3 Podetia simple, short peg-form, always with a
single terminal shield-form to spherical brown to
rose colored apothecium., -7 mm high. Stalk
robust, whitish to greenish in places, lacking
squamules. Thallus crustose to appearing
squamulose, ± coalescing, whitish to graygreenish.
Sp. 1-2 celled. On soil or rock .
Baeomyces
3* Podetia usually branching, if simple, then
generally without terminal ap . 4
4 Primary thallus bright green to pale greenish,
granular to mealy. Podetia very delicate, -0.3 mm
thick, -10 mm high, whitish, covered with greenish
granules, above all with open branches. In rainprotected,
earthy rock crevices or directly on
silicate rocks. Always sterile
. Leprocaulon microscopicum
4* Primary thallus and podetia whitish to gray,
occasionally with ± blackish streaks or rose brown
warts (cephalodia). Podetia sporadically with
granules, squamules or covered with projecting
squamules. Ap. brown to dark brown, often
lacking. Sp. four septate 3- to multicellular. On
rock and soil . Stereocaulon
5 Thallus orange, yellow to green-yellow, pale
greenish, or gray-greenish. 6
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