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3.4 Wetland classification Wetlands can be classified according to different classification methods, based on the hydrological functioning, fauna and / or flora composition or diversity, soil, or a combination of these features. The classification method used mostly depends on the reason for classification. Botanists would mostly use vegetation composition to classify wetlands, whereas an ornithologist will mostly use bird habitat features as a defining criterion. Ecologists are, however, more interested in the interaction of different biotic and abiotic features within a system and will therefore use the complete system functioning as part of the classification (Ward & Lambie 1999, Allan et al 1995, Cowardin no date, Kiai & Mailu no date, http://dept.my.gov/wqinfo/wetlands/classification.asp). In addition, there are also various classification methods using remote sensing, depending on the percentage open water, type of vegetation cover and density of the vegetation cover (Dely et al 1999, Shanmugam et al in press). One of the most popular methods for the classification of wetlands is the fundamental hydrological functioning of the wetland. The wetlands are therefore classified into different hydro-geomorphic units. The hydro-geomorphic units differ from one project to another and from one specialist to another (Ward & Lambie 1999, Kotze et al 2005). The most popular wetland classification method used in South Africa is the classification of hydro-geomorphic units. The classification used by Kotze et al (2005) in WET-EcoServices is a classification using hydro-geomorphic units. This is a useful classification method for assessment of the functions and services of wetlands, since specific functions and services can be associated with each unit type, depending on site specific conditions. The level 1 assessment of Wet- EcoServices is a desktop study focussed on the hydro-geomorphic type of the wetland. The hydro-geomorphic types specified in Wet-EcoServices include floodplain, valley bottom with channel, valley bottom without channel, hillslope seepage feeding a water course, hillslope seepage not feeding a water course and depressions (pans). Palmer et al (2002) classified the wetlands into hydro-geomorphic units during the previous wetland inventory. Six broad hydro-geomorphic units were identified. The six units are Non- floodplain riparian, floodplain riparian, hillslope seepage, pans, other non-riparian and artificial wetlands. Wetland Database for UORC - 28 -
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of wetland types Included in the table below are the hydro-geomorphic wetland classifications used by Palmer et al (2002) and the corresponding classification by Kotze et al (2005). Table 2. Differences and similarities between the hydro-geomorphic units used by Palmer et al and Kotze et al. Palmer et al Kotze et al Non-floodplain riparian Valley bottom with channel Floodplain riparian Floodplain Wetland Database for UORC - 29 - Valley bottom without channel Valley bottom with channel Valley bottom without channel Hillslope seepage Hillslope seepage feeding a water course, Pans Depressions Other non-riparian Artificial Pan Hillslope seepage Non-floodplain riparian Wet grassland Hillslope seepage Floodplain riparian Hillslope seepage not feeding a water course
Page 1 and 2: COALTECH UPPER OLIFANTS RIVER CATCH
Page 3 and 4: The following aspects are included
Page 5 and 6: The most common wetland types in th
Page 7 and 8: The attributes allocated based on t
Page 9 and 10: 6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS............
Page 11 and 12: Addendums Addendum A - Plant specie
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. Extent of the UORC (refer
Page 15 and 16: The aim of the wetland layer is to
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Wetland biodiversity Wetlands p
Page 19 and 20: Table 1: Species of concern Species
Page 21 and 22: Species name Common name Hottentot
Page 23 and 24: Species name Common name Cordylus g
Page 25 and 26: 3.3.2 Birds Various bird species ut
Page 27: 3.3.6 Fish The UORC has a low diver
Page 31 and 32: 3.4.1.2 Floodplain riparian Floodpl
Page 33 and 34: 3.4.4 Other non-riparian wetlands O
Page 35 and 36: 3.5.1.2 Groundwater recharge Variou
Page 37 and 38: More important in the removal of me
Page 39 and 40: The flow velocity in the channel of
Page 41 and 42: The most important fishing activity
Page 43 and 44: 3.5.6.3 Livestock Diseases Various
Page 45 and 46: 3.6.2 Mining and Quarrying There is
Page 47 and 48: • Dwars-in-die-wegspruit at the l
Page 49 and 50: 3.6.4 Burning Wetlands are burnt on
Page 51 and 52: 3.6.9 Alien Fauna and Flora 3.6.9.1
Page 53 and 54: Category 3 plant invaders are plant
Page 55 and 56: o The Fish Assemblage Integrity Ind
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4. The ecoregions of the Oli
Page 59 and 60: Sixteen fish species (four of which
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Extent of the UORC accord
Page 63 and 64: 3.9 Common wetland types in UORC Ac
Page 65 and 66: In a wetland assessment conducted a
Page 67 and 68: In a wetland study at Douglas Colli
Page 69 and 70: Figure 8. Status of assessed wetlan
Page 71 and 72: Figure 9. Portion of the wetland la
Page 73 and 74: Figure 11. Portion of the water bod
Page 75 and 76: Figure 13. Portion of the separated
Page 77 and 78: Figure 15. Portion of the wetland l
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Since the field verification site v
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Figure 18. Portion of the final wet
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Upon a request from DWAF the status
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5.8 Functions The functions likely
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5.11 Wetland types The entire catch
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6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS The greates
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Figure 21. The wetland in the UORC
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8.2 Mapping o Small wetlands (of le
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The attributes in the attribute tab
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10. REFERENCES Abbott Grobicki (Pty
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Goudie, A.S. & Thomas, D.S.G. 1985.
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Merot, P., Squividant, H., Aurousse
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Wilson, R.T. 2003. Animal health an
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Addendum A - Plan species list Wetl
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var. lachnantha Lamiaceae Ajuga oph
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Asteraceae Berkheya onopordifolia B
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Poaceae Chloris pycnothrix Chloroph
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Poaceae Boraginaceae incompletus Cy
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Poaceae Echinochloa cruspavonis * *
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Asteraceae Gamochaeta subfalcata Y
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Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Poaceae
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Cyperaceae Kyllinga erecta Kyllinga
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Asteraceae Nidorella anamola Nympho
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Polygonaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Apiac
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Brassicaceae Rorippa nudiuscula * *
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Poaceae Setaria verticillata * Malv
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Asteraceae Ursinia nana * * * Lenti
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Addendum B - Mammal species list We
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Cynictis Yellow Carnivora penicilla
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Addendum C - Bird species list Wetl
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Actitis hypoleucos Actophilornis Co
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Ceryle rudis Nectarinia Pied Kingfi
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Eremopterix verticalis Estrilda ast
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Netta erythrophthalma Numida meleag
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Spizocorys conirostris Pinkbilled L
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Addendum D - Reptile species list W
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Elapidae Naja haje Egyptian cobra X
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Group Species name Common name Pipi
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Addendum F - Fish species list Wetl
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Austroglansis sclateri X X Barbus a
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Phylum Group Species name Common na
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Arachnida Tanycypris obtusa Hydroze
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gibba Daphnia pulex Simocephalus ca
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Ischnura senegalensis Pseuddgrion s
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Micronecta sp. Micronecta piccanin
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Hydraenidae Hydrophilida e Berosus
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MOLLUSCA Simulium adersi Simulium ?
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