coaltech upper olifants river catchment wetland inventory ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................12 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.......................................................................................14 3. LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................................15 3.1 Introduction......................................................................................................15 3.2 Geology and soils associated with wetland distribution............................15 3.3 Wetland biodiversity.......................................................................................17 3.4 Wetland classification.....................................................................................28 3.5 Wetland services and functions....................................................................33 3.6 Wetland threats................................................................................................43 3.7 Indicators of wetland health...........................................................................54 3.8 Wetland inventories........................................................................................59 3.9 Common wetland types in UORC..................................................................63 3.10 Status of wetlands within the UORC.............................................................63 4. METHODS........................................................................................................................70 4.1 Aerial photographs..........................................................................................70 4.2 Compilation of the wetland and dam layers.................................................70 4.3 Field verification of the wetlands...................................................................78 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION........................................................................................79 5.1 Wetland maps..................................................................................................79 5.2 Wetland database............................................................................................81 5.3 Type...................................................................................................................82 5.4 Threats..............................................................................................................82 5.5 Status................................................................................................................82 5.6 Connectivity.....................................................................................................83 5.7 Red Data and important species....................................................................84 5.8 Functions..........................................................................................................85 5.9 Bird count data from Mpumalanga Parks Board.........................................85 5.10 Dominant vegetation.......................................................................................85 5.11 Wetland types..................................................................................................87 5.12 Dams.................................................................................................................88 Wetland Database for UORC - 8 -
6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS..........................................................................................89 7. COMPARISON TO THE NATIONAL LANDCOVER WETLAND LAYER......................89 8. GAP ANALYSIS..............................................................................................................92 8.1 Available literature..........................................................................................92 8.2 Mapping............................................................................................................93 8.3 Database accuracy..........................................................................................94 8.4 The way forward..............................................................................................95 9. CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................95 10. REFERENCES.................................................................................................................97 11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................104 List of Tables Table 1: Species of concern...................................................................................................19 Table 2. Differences and similarities between the hydro-geomorphic units used by Palmer et al and Kotze et al....................................................................................................................29 Table 3. Functions discussed in the report.............................................................................34 Table 4. List of invasive species observed in the wetlands of the UORC..............................53 Table 5. According to the National River Health Programme (2001) the river health in the UORC can be defined as follows:...........................................................................................55 List of Figures Figure 1. Extent of the UORC.................................................................................................13 Figure 2. Scematic illustration of wetland types.....................................................................29 Figure 3. Water use in the UORC (DWAF 2003b)..................................................................44 Figure 4. The ecoregions of the Olifants River Catchment as taken from the State of the Rivers Report (CSIR 2001).....................................................................................................57 Figure 5. Extent of the UORC according to Palmer et al........................................................61 Figure 6. UORC in relation to Mpumalanga and Gauteng.....................................................62 Figure 7. Distribution of assessed wetlands...........................................................................64 Figure 8. Status of assessed wetlands...................................................................................69 Figure 9. Portion of the wetland layer included in Palmer et al (2002)..................................71 Figure 10. Portion of the Mpumalanga C-Plan wetland layer.................................................72 Wetland Database for UORC - 9 -
Page 1 and 2: COALTECH UPPER OLIFANTS RIVER CATCH
Page 3 and 4: The following aspects are included
Page 5 and 6: The most common wetland types in th
Page 7: The attributes allocated based on t
Page 11 and 12: Addendums Addendum A - Plant specie
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. Extent of the UORC (refer
Page 15 and 16: The aim of the wetland layer is to
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Wetland biodiversity Wetlands p
Page 19 and 20: Table 1: Species of concern Species
Page 21 and 22: Species name Common name Hottentot
Page 23 and 24: Species name Common name Cordylus g
Page 25 and 26: 3.3.2 Birds Various bird species ut
Page 27 and 28: 3.3.6 Fish The UORC has a low diver
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2. Schematic illustration of
Page 31 and 32: 3.4.1.2 Floodplain riparian Floodpl
Page 33 and 34: 3.4.4 Other non-riparian wetlands O
Page 35 and 36: 3.5.1.2 Groundwater recharge Variou
Page 37 and 38: More important in the removal of me
Page 39 and 40: The flow velocity in the channel of
Page 41 and 42: The most important fishing activity
Page 43 and 44: 3.5.6.3 Livestock Diseases Various
Page 45 and 46: 3.6.2 Mining and Quarrying There is
Page 47 and 48: • Dwars-in-die-wegspruit at the l
Page 49 and 50: 3.6.4 Burning Wetlands are burnt on
Page 51 and 52: 3.6.9 Alien Fauna and Flora 3.6.9.1
Page 53 and 54: Category 3 plant invaders are plant
Page 55 and 56: o The Fish Assemblage Integrity Ind
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4. The ecoregions of the Oli
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Sixteen fish species (four of which
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Figure 5. Extent of the UORC accord
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3.9 Common wetland types in UORC Ac
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In a wetland assessment conducted a
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In a wetland study at Douglas Colli
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Figure 8. Status of assessed wetlan
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Figure 9. Portion of the wetland la
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Figure 11. Portion of the water bod
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Figure 13. Portion of the separated
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Figure 15. Portion of the wetland l
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Since the field verification site v
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Figure 18. Portion of the final wet
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Upon a request from DWAF the status
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5.8 Functions The functions likely
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5.11 Wetland types The entire catch
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6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS The greates
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Figure 21. The wetland in the UORC
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8.2 Mapping o Small wetlands (of le
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The attributes in the attribute tab
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10. REFERENCES Abbott Grobicki (Pty
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Goudie, A.S. & Thomas, D.S.G. 1985.
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Merot, P., Squividant, H., Aurousse
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Wilson, R.T. 2003. Animal health an
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Addendum A - Plan species list Wetl
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var. lachnantha Lamiaceae Ajuga oph
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Asteraceae Berkheya onopordifolia B
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Poaceae Chloris pycnothrix Chloroph
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Poaceae Boraginaceae incompletus Cy
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Poaceae Echinochloa cruspavonis * *
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Asteraceae Gamochaeta subfalcata Y
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Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Poaceae
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Cyperaceae Kyllinga erecta Kyllinga
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Asteraceae Nidorella anamola Nympho
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Polygonaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Apiac
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Brassicaceae Rorippa nudiuscula * *
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Poaceae Setaria verticillata * Malv
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Asteraceae Ursinia nana * * * Lenti
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Addendum B - Mammal species list We
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Cynictis Yellow Carnivora penicilla
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Addendum C - Bird species list Wetl
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Actitis hypoleucos Actophilornis Co
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Ceryle rudis Nectarinia Pied Kingfi
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Eremopterix verticalis Estrilda ast
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Netta erythrophthalma Numida meleag
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Spizocorys conirostris Pinkbilled L
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Addendum D - Reptile species list W
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Elapidae Naja haje Egyptian cobra X
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Group Species name Common name Pipi
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Addendum F - Fish species list Wetl
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Austroglansis sclateri X X Barbus a
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Phylum Group Species name Common na
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Arachnida Tanycypris obtusa Hydroze
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gibba Daphnia pulex Simocephalus ca
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Ischnura senegalensis Pseuddgrion s
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Micronecta sp. Micronecta piccanin
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Hydraenidae Hydrophilida e Berosus
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MOLLUSCA Simulium adersi Simulium ?
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