coaltech upper olifants river catchment wetland inventory ...

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Disturbances such as construction activities and overgrazing favour the establishment of alien and invasive species. The most common invasive plants in the riparian zones include Acacia mearnsi (Wattle) and Sesbania sp (Palmer et al 2002, Marneweck 2003, De Lange et al 2003, Marneweck 2004a, Wetland Consulting Services 2005). Alien invasive plants have a huge impact on the natural environment and the Working for Water group was started to clear invasive vegetation. A study was conducted by Versfeld et al in 1998 to assess the current distribution of invasive species. Results of the study indicated that alien vegetation use between 0 % and 5 % of the available water in the catchment. It is however, necessary to update the database again, since the database was only intended as a baseline study. Invasion of the riparian habitats is taking place in all of the provinces, with approximately 1.4% of the general landscape invaded by alien species. Invasive plants therefore, cover a greater extent than commercial plantations (Versfeld et al 1998). The control of invasive plant species is addressed under CARA, Regulations 15 and 16. Invasive species are classified under three categories according to their invasiveness, uses and threat to the environment. Category 1 invaders are species that will no longer be allowed to occur on any property in South Africa, because their harmful properties outweigh their useful qualities. The plants may not be planted or propagated in any way and existing individuals should be removed. These species may not be transported or allowed to disperse (Landcare South Africa). Category 2 plants are species proven to have a potential for becoming invasive, but with commercial value. Provision is made in CARA in Regulation 15 and 16 for the species to occur in certain demarcated areas, but the species have to be removed from all areas outside the demarcated areas. An area for the growing of category 2 plants can only be demarcated by the Executive Officer. Since the growing of category 2 plants qualifies as a water use, a water use licence has to be obtained from DWAF for an area of 1ha and larger. It is also important to ensure that all reasonable steps have been taken to stop the spread of the species to other areas, through seed or vegetative growth. Category 2 plants may never occur within 30m of the 1:50 year floodline of any wetlands or watercourses (Landcare South Africa). Wetland Database for UORC - 52 -
Category 3 plant invaders are plants that are proven to have the potential of becoming invasive. These plants are however, popular garden plants (ornamentals or shade trees) and it will take a long time to replace these species. Category 3 plants are not allowed to occur anywhere, unless the plants were already in existence when the regulations came into effect. The conditions for the plants to remain is that all reasonable measures are taken to prevent the spread of the species and that none of the plants occur within 30m of the 1:50 year flood zone of any wetlands or water courses. No propagative material of these plants may be planted, imported or transported in any way. It is however, legal to trade the wood of these plants, as well as other products that do not have the potential to grow (Landcare South Africa). Table 4. List of invasive species observed in the wetlands of the UORC. Species name Common name Category Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle 2 Acacia mearnsii Black Wattle 2 Azolla filiculoides Azolla, Red Water Fern 1 Cirsium vulgare Scotch Thistle 1 Populus species Poplar 2 Salix babylonica Weeping Willow 2 Sesbania punicea Red Sesbania 1 Solanum eleagnifolium Silver-leaf Bitter Apple 1 Solanum sisymbriifolium Wild Tomato / Dense-thorned Bitter Apple Xanthium spinosum Spiny Cocklebur 1 Xanthium strumarium Large Cocklebur 1 3.6.9.2 Forestry Forestry is restricted to only a few areas in the catchment and the most common trees in these forestry plantations are Poplars (Populus sp) and Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp). These exotic species utilise more water than the indigenous vegetation, and the presence of these plantations in close proximity to the wetlands lowers the water level in the wetlands and can cause drying out of previously permanent zones. The plantations change the habitat of a variety of wetland species and may threaten rare populations (Palmer et al 2002, Van Wyk pers com 2000). Wetland Database for UORC - 53 - 1
Page 1 and 2: COALTECH UPPER OLIFANTS RIVER CATCH
Page 3 and 4: The following aspects are included
Page 5 and 6: The most common wetland types in th
Page 7 and 8: The attributes allocated based on t
Page 9 and 10: 6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS............
Page 11 and 12: Addendums Addendum A - Plant specie
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. Extent of the UORC (refer
Page 15 and 16: The aim of the wetland layer is to
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Wetland biodiversity Wetlands p
Page 19 and 20: Table 1: Species of concern Species
Page 21 and 22: Species name Common name Hottentot
Page 23 and 24: Species name Common name Cordylus g
Page 25 and 26: 3.3.2 Birds Various bird species ut
Page 27 and 28: 3.3.6 Fish The UORC has a low diver
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2. Schematic illustration of
Page 31 and 32: 3.4.1.2 Floodplain riparian Floodpl
Page 33 and 34: 3.4.4 Other non-riparian wetlands O
Page 35 and 36: 3.5.1.2 Groundwater recharge Variou
Page 37 and 38: More important in the removal of me
Page 39 and 40: The flow velocity in the channel of
Page 41 and 42: The most important fishing activity
Page 43 and 44: 3.5.6.3 Livestock Diseases Various
Page 45 and 46: 3.6.2 Mining and Quarrying There is
Page 47 and 48: • Dwars-in-die-wegspruit at the l
Page 49 and 50: 3.6.4 Burning Wetlands are burnt on
Page 51: 3.6.9 Alien Fauna and Flora 3.6.9.1
Page 55 and 56: o The Fish Assemblage Integrity Ind
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4. The ecoregions of the Oli
Page 59 and 60: Sixteen fish species (four of which
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Extent of the UORC accord
Page 63 and 64: 3.9 Common wetland types in UORC Ac
Page 65 and 66: In a wetland assessment conducted a
Page 67 and 68: In a wetland study at Douglas Colli
Page 69 and 70: Figure 8. Status of assessed wetlan
Page 71 and 72: Figure 9. Portion of the wetland la
Page 73 and 74: Figure 11. Portion of the water bod
Page 75 and 76: Figure 13. Portion of the separated
Page 77 and 78: Figure 15. Portion of the wetland l
Page 79 and 80: Since the field verification site v
Page 81 and 82: Figure 18. Portion of the final wet
Page 83 and 84: Upon a request from DWAF the status
Page 85 and 86: 5.8 Functions The functions likely
Page 87 and 88: 5.11 Wetland types The entire catch
Page 89 and 90: 6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS The greates
Page 91 and 92: Figure 21. The wetland in the UORC
Page 93 and 94: 8.2 Mapping o Small wetlands (of le
Page 95 and 96: The attributes in the attribute tab
Page 97 and 98: 10. REFERENCES Abbott Grobicki (Pty
Page 99 and 100: Goudie, A.S. & Thomas, D.S.G. 1985.
Page 101 and 102: Merot, P., Squividant, H., Aurousse
Page 103 and 104:
Wilson, R.T. 2003. Animal health an
Page 105 and 106:
Addendum A - Plan species list Wetl
Page 107 and 108:
var. lachnantha Lamiaceae Ajuga oph
Page 109 and 110:
Asteraceae Berkheya onopordifolia B
Page 111 and 112:
Poaceae Chloris pycnothrix Chloroph
Page 113 and 114:
Poaceae Boraginaceae incompletus Cy
Page 115 and 116:
Poaceae Echinochloa cruspavonis * *
Page 117 and 118:
Asteraceae Gamochaeta subfalcata Y
Page 119 and 120:
Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Poaceae
Page 121 and 122:
Cyperaceae Kyllinga erecta Kyllinga
Page 123 and 124:
Asteraceae Nidorella anamola Nympho
Page 125 and 126:
Polygonaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Apiac
Page 127 and 128:
Brassicaceae Rorippa nudiuscula * *
Page 129 and 130:
Poaceae Setaria verticillata * Malv
Page 131 and 132:
Asteraceae Ursinia nana * * * Lenti
Page 133 and 134:
Addendum B - Mammal species list We
Page 135 and 136:
Cynictis Yellow Carnivora penicilla
Page 137 and 138:
Addendum C - Bird species list Wetl
Page 139 and 140:
Actitis hypoleucos Actophilornis Co
Page 141 and 142:
Ceryle rudis Nectarinia Pied Kingfi
Page 143 and 144:
Eremopterix verticalis Estrilda ast
Page 145 and 146:
Netta erythrophthalma Numida meleag
Page 147 and 148:
Spizocorys conirostris Pinkbilled L
Page 149 and 150:
Addendum D - Reptile species list W
Page 151 and 152:
Elapidae Naja haje Egyptian cobra X
Page 153 and 154:
Group Species name Common name Pipi
Page 155 and 156:
Addendum F - Fish species list Wetl
Page 157 and 158:
Austroglansis sclateri X X Barbus a
Page 159 and 160:
Phylum Group Species name Common na
Page 161 and 162:
Arachnida Tanycypris obtusa Hydroze
Page 163 and 164:
gibba Daphnia pulex Simocephalus ca
Page 165 and 166:
Ischnura senegalensis Pseuddgrion s
Page 167 and 168:
Micronecta sp. Micronecta piccanin
Page 169 and 170:
Hydraenidae Hydrophilida e Berosus
Page 171 and 172:
MOLLUSCA Simulium adersi Simulium ?
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