coaltech upper olifants river catchment wetland inventory ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 3. Functions discussed in the report Function Aspects discussed Water balance Streamflow regulation & flood attenuation Wetland Database for UORC - 34 - Groundwater recharge Water purification Nitrogen removal Sediment trapping Harvesting of natural resources Phosphate removal Toxicant removal Water quality Tourism and recreation Fishing Storage and evaporation of mine water Birding Livestock Water for livestock Crop farming 3.5.1 Water balance Grazing for livestock Livestock diseases 3.5.1.1 Stream flow regulation and flood attenuation Wetlands have a surface flow augmentation function in a catchment. Wetlands contribute to higher runoff, due to the higher soil saturation in the wetland. The most important contributing factor is the baseflow present at the wetland site. The higher the baseflow present (higher soil saturation) the sooner runoff will occur during a rainfall event. The release of baseflow therefore also contributes to streamflow regulation. The amount of vegetation in the wetland may also slow the flow of water in the wetland and thus the runoff intensity, thereby attenuating flooding conditions. In the UORC, this is however a rare occurrence, as evapotranspiration is higher in the wetland area than in the surrounding natural veld, due to the greater amount of water available in a wetland (Palmer et al 2002, Kotze 2000, Kotze et al 2000, Wolski & Savenije in press, Ferrati & Canziani 2005).
3.5.1.2 Groundwater recharge Various wetland types, including floodplain and riparian wetlands may contribute to groundwater recharge. Pans may also contribute to groundwater recharge. This outward seepage from the pans may help to regulate the build-up of dissolved solids in the system. Seeps are responsible for groundwater discharge and almost never contribute to groundwater recharge (Palmer et al 2002, Allan et al 1995, Kotze 2000, Kotze et al 2000). 3.5.2 Water purification 3.5.2.1 Nitrogen removal It is difficult to determine the amount of nitrogen removal by a wetland without measuring the input and output nitrogen. The transformation processes, such as denitrification, requires specific conditions in order to proceed. The reaction rate of this process is a function of the reactant concentration and the applicable bacteria. These processes are therefore more likely to take place in wetlands and wetland areas with more organic material (Palmer et al 2002, Kotze 2000, Kotze et al 2000). The three transformation processes of nitrogen are plant uptake, nitrification and denitrification (Palmer et al 2002). The specific processes and rate of the process depends on the specific characteristics of the wetland. It should be taken into account that all three of the processes may take place in the same wetland (Palmer et al 2002, Kotze 2000, Kotze et al 2000, Brady & Weil 1999). 3.5.2.2 Phosphate removal Phosphates enter a wetland from various sources, both natural and anthropogenic. Phosphate removal is not a microbial process, but a physiochemical process. As with nitrogen removal the amount of phosphate removed cannot be determined without measuring the input and output phosphate. Unlike nitrogen removal, however, the removal of phosphates is not dependant on the presence of bacteria. The removal of phosphates takes place via precipitation, absorption onto clay particles or uptake by plants. These phosphates can therefore be released into the environment by a change in the micro-environment or by the natural die-back of plants (Palmer et al 2002, Kotze 2000, Kotze et al 2000). Wetland Database for UORC - 35 -
Page 1 and 2: COALTECH UPPER OLIFANTS RIVER CATCH
Page 3 and 4: The following aspects are included
Page 5 and 6: The most common wetland types in th
Page 7 and 8: The attributes allocated based on t
Page 9 and 10: 6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS............
Page 11 and 12: Addendums Addendum A - Plant specie
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1. Extent of the UORC (refer
Page 15 and 16: The aim of the wetland layer is to
Page 17 and 18: 3.3 Wetland biodiversity Wetlands p
Page 19 and 20: Table 1: Species of concern Species
Page 21 and 22: Species name Common name Hottentot
Page 23 and 24: Species name Common name Cordylus g
Page 25 and 26: 3.3.2 Birds Various bird species ut
Page 27 and 28: 3.3.6 Fish The UORC has a low diver
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2. Schematic illustration of
Page 31 and 32: 3.4.1.2 Floodplain riparian Floodpl
Page 33: 3.4.4 Other non-riparian wetlands O
Page 37 and 38: More important in the removal of me
Page 39 and 40: The flow velocity in the channel of
Page 41 and 42: The most important fishing activity
Page 43 and 44: 3.5.6.3 Livestock Diseases Various
Page 45 and 46: 3.6.2 Mining and Quarrying There is
Page 47 and 48: • Dwars-in-die-wegspruit at the l
Page 49 and 50: 3.6.4 Burning Wetlands are burnt on
Page 51 and 52: 3.6.9 Alien Fauna and Flora 3.6.9.1
Page 53 and 54: Category 3 plant invaders are plant
Page 55 and 56: o The Fish Assemblage Integrity Ind
Page 57 and 58: Figure 4. The ecoregions of the Oli
Page 59 and 60: Sixteen fish species (four of which
Page 61 and 62: Figure 5. Extent of the UORC accord
Page 63 and 64: 3.9 Common wetland types in UORC Ac
Page 65 and 66: In a wetland assessment conducted a
Page 67 and 68: In a wetland study at Douglas Colli
Page 69 and 70: Figure 8. Status of assessed wetlan
Page 71 and 72: Figure 9. Portion of the wetland la
Page 73 and 74: Figure 11. Portion of the water bod
Page 75 and 76: Figure 13. Portion of the separated
Page 77 and 78: Figure 15. Portion of the wetland l
Page 79 and 80: Since the field verification site v
Page 81 and 82: Figure 18. Portion of the final wet
Page 83 and 84: Upon a request from DWAF the status
Page 85 and 86:
5.8 Functions The functions likely
Page 87 and 88:
5.11 Wetland types The entire catch
Page 89 and 90:
6. DATABASE CONSTRAINTS The greates
Page 91 and 92:
Figure 21. The wetland in the UORC
Page 93 and 94:
8.2 Mapping o Small wetlands (of le
Page 95 and 96:
The attributes in the attribute tab
Page 97 and 98:
10. REFERENCES Abbott Grobicki (Pty
Page 99 and 100:
Goudie, A.S. & Thomas, D.S.G. 1985.
Page 101 and 102:
Merot, P., Squividant, H., Aurousse
Page 103 and 104:
Wilson, R.T. 2003. Animal health an
Page 105 and 106:
Addendum A - Plan species list Wetl
Page 107 and 108:
var. lachnantha Lamiaceae Ajuga oph
Page 109 and 110:
Asteraceae Berkheya onopordifolia B
Page 111 and 112:
Poaceae Chloris pycnothrix Chloroph
Page 113 and 114:
Poaceae Boraginaceae incompletus Cy
Page 115 and 116:
Poaceae Echinochloa cruspavonis * *
Page 117 and 118:
Asteraceae Gamochaeta subfalcata Y
Page 119 and 120:
Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Poaceae
Page 121 and 122:
Cyperaceae Kyllinga erecta Kyllinga
Page 123 and 124:
Asteraceae Nidorella anamola Nympho
Page 125 and 126:
Polygonaceae Apiaceae Poaceae Apiac
Page 127 and 128:
Brassicaceae Rorippa nudiuscula * *
Page 129 and 130:
Poaceae Setaria verticillata * Malv
Page 131 and 132:
Asteraceae Ursinia nana * * * Lenti
Page 133 and 134:
Addendum B - Mammal species list We
Page 135 and 136:
Cynictis Yellow Carnivora penicilla
Page 137 and 138:
Addendum C - Bird species list Wetl
Page 139 and 140:
Actitis hypoleucos Actophilornis Co
Page 141 and 142:
Ceryle rudis Nectarinia Pied Kingfi
Page 143 and 144:
Eremopterix verticalis Estrilda ast
Page 145 and 146:
Netta erythrophthalma Numida meleag
Page 147 and 148:
Spizocorys conirostris Pinkbilled L
Page 149 and 150:
Addendum D - Reptile species list W
Page 151 and 152:
Elapidae Naja haje Egyptian cobra X
Page 153 and 154:
Group Species name Common name Pipi
Page 155 and 156:
Addendum F - Fish species list Wetl
Page 157 and 158:
Austroglansis sclateri X X Barbus a
Page 159 and 160:
Phylum Group Species name Common na
Page 161 and 162:
Arachnida Tanycypris obtusa Hydroze
Page 163 and 164:
gibba Daphnia pulex Simocephalus ca
Page 165 and 166:
Ischnura senegalensis Pseuddgrion s
Page 167 and 168:
Micronecta sp. Micronecta piccanin
Page 169 and 170:
Hydraenidae Hydrophilida e Berosus
Page 171 and 172:
MOLLUSCA Simulium adersi Simulium ?
show all

coaltech upper olifants river catchment wetland inventory ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?