local agenda 21 local plan for sustainable development of bistriþa ...

Brown argiloluviale soils formed under the leaf carpet
allow for fruit cultivation on large surfaces.
Water
Hydrographical network
Bistrita municipality, the administrative centre of
Bistrita-Nasaud county, is also the main industrial and
urban centre. The town is situated on the lower course
of the river Bistrita, which crosses the city over a
length of 18km. The main affluents of the river are the
Slatinita, Tarpiu and Ghinda brooks.
The territory of the municipality is crossed by the river
Bistrita Ardeleana, which springs in Calimani
Mountains, under the Viisoara-Stracior-Bistricior-
Tuturgau peak and flows into the Sieu River at Saratel.
The river has an annual average flow capacity of 7.28
m 3 /s. In the area of Bistrita municipality, the river
meets the Ghinda affluent (springing from “Piemontul
Calimanilor") and Castailor Valley (springing under the
Fortress Hills and Ciuha Hills). The flow capacity of
these brooks is insignificant.
In the north-eastern part of the municipality, the course
of the river Bistrita has been stopped, creating a small
reservoir for flood control and recreation.
The Bistrita Ardeleana River crosses Bistrita in an
east-west direction.
The affluents on the right hand side of the river Bistrita
are Slatinitei Valley (in the Unirea district), Rusului
Valley (near the Water Treatment Station) and
Castailor Valley (in M.A.T.- Abator area). The affluents
on the left hand side of the river are Ghinzii Valley and
Lempes valley (the area over Budacului bridge).
Drinking water resources
The river Bistrita provides the drinking water source for
the population of Bistrita municipality. Water intake
comes from both surface water (river Bistrita) and
underground water (the everglade of the river Bistrita).
The necessary water supply is 30,267 m 3 /day, while
the water request reaches 35,412 m 3 /day. During
2003, a volume of 13,693.9 thousands m 3 of water
was taken from the following two sources:
• Cusma – with a flow capacity of 20.0 l/s (spring
intake, dedusting, old water supply pipeline of 150 mm
diameter, doubled by a new supply pipeline of 200
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MUNICIPALITY
mm diameter), Cusma Bistrita, and water storage
tanks with a total volume of 1,300 m 3 , of which 2 tanks
are 300 m 3 each, and one tank is 700m 3 , in the
Drumul Grinzii area;
• The surface of the river Bistrita– using a
complex water treatment station with a capacity of
1,300 l/s, placed upstream of Bistrita municipality, in
the Eastern part of the town on the right hand bank of
the Bistrita Ardeleana.
There is also an underground water reserve with a
flow capacity of approx. 60 l/s, which can be used
through drain intakes on the left hand bank of the river,
upstream of the town. Due to clogging over time, this
source was closed for preservation and is currently not
in use.
Mineral water resources
Mineral waters are an important natural resource that
are insufficiently exploited. In the area of Bistrita
municipality, it is the salty waters from Slatinita and the
sulphurous waters from Viisoara that are most
important. The former public baths are situated today
on the administrative territory of Feldru commune, with
the main access from Slatinita (2 km).
Soil resources and their productive potential
Due its location in an area of geo-morphological
interference, the municipality has slopes of varying
degrees of inclination. The general slope is between 6
and 8 degrees, while the hills of Bistrita and Sieului
have a well developed slope of 1 to 3 degrees,
fragmented by several valleys collected by the 2
rivers.
The soils were formed on clay and sand deposits. The
level of the phreatic water layer varies according to the
relief and the geological structure. On the slopes, the
phreatic layer is situated at a depth of over 10m. On the
terraces the phreatic layer is at a depth of 2-5 m, while
on the meadow of Bistrita and Sieu it is at 1.5-2 m.
Through constant and systematic action, natural
factors determine the formation of the following soil
types:
- Brown soil - argiloiluvial pseudogleizat
- Brown soil – moderate luvic pseudogleizat