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302 Malaria transmission is dependent upon many hydrologydriven ecological factors that directly affect the vectorial competence. Including the presence of suitable habitats for the development of anopheline lavae. Larval habitats were identified and characterized at three malaria endomic villages (Ban Khum Huay, Ban Pa Dae. amd Ban Tham Seau) in Mae Sot district, in northwestern Thailand between July 2002 and June 2003. The Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to provide precise locational data for the spatial distribution of anopheline mosquito larvae and their habitats. Ten habitats categories were identified. Eighteen adult Anopheles species were identified from larvae in all the surveyed habitats. An minimus was the most common species throughout the year. The relationship between eight abiotic variables (temperature, hardness, carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, silica and pH) and the abundance of four major species of malaria vectors (An. (Cel.) dirus, An. (Cel.) minimus. An. (Cel.) maculatus, and An. (Cel.) sawadwongporni), and sic species of non-vectors (An. (Cel.) kochi, An. (Cel) jamesii, An. (Ano.) peditaeniatus, An. (Ano.) barbirostris, An. (Ano.) campestris, and An (Cel.) vagus) larvae was investigated. The results from the multiple regression models suggest that hardness, water temperature and carbon dioxide are the best predictor variables associated with the abundance of An. minimus larvae (p < 0.001); temperature and silica concentration for An. jamesii larvae (p < 0.001); dissolved oxygen and silica concentration for An. campestris larvae (p < 0.001); an pH and silica concentration for An. vagus larvae (p < 0.001). We could not identify key environmental variables for An. maculates, An. sawadwongporni, An. peditaeniatus, and An. barbirostris. (Water Quality of Anopheline Habitats 36(1) (2005) 46-53.) SCREENING FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN RURAL AREA USING SINGLE-FIELD DIGITAL FUNDUS IMAGES (NO. 797) Paisan R. 1 , NattaponW. 2 , Edchai P 3 , Montiph Tiensuwan 4 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Lerdsin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; 3 Director of Kabeheang Community Hopsital, Surin, Thailand, 4 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Key words : Diabetic retinopathy screening. Digital screening, Nonmydriatic fundus camera Objective : To evaluate the practicability of using singlefield, 2.3 million-pixel, digital fundus images for screening of diabetic retinopathy in rural areas. Material and Method : All diabetic patients who regularly attended the diabetic clinic at Kabcheang Community Hospital, located at 15 kilometers form the Thailand –Cambodia border, were appointed to the hospital for a 3 day diabetic retinopathy screening programme. The fundi of all patients were captured in single-field, 45 o ,. 2.3 million-pixel images using nonmydriatic digital fundus camera and them sent ot a reading center in Bangkok. The fundi were also examined through dilated pupils by retinal specialist at this hospital. The grading of diabetic retinopathy from two methods was compared for and exact agreement. Results : The average duration of single digital fundus image capture was 2 minutes. The average file size of each image was 750 kilobytes. The average duration of single image transmission to a reading center in Bangkok via satellite was 3 minutes; via a conventional telephone line was 8 mimutes. Of all 150 patients, 130 were assessed for and agreement between dilated fundus examination and digital fundus images in diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. The exact agreement was 0.87, the weighted kappa statistics was 0.74. The sensitivity of digital fundus images in detecting diabetic retinopathy was 80%, the specificity was 96%. For diabetic macular edema the exact agreement was 0.97, the weighted kappa was 0.43, the densitivity was 43%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusion : The image capture of the nonmydriatic digital fundus camera is suitable for screening of diabetic retinopathy and single-field digital fundus images are potentially acceptable tools for the screening. The real-time image transmission via telephone lines to remote reading center, however, may not be practical for routine diabetic retinopathy screening in rural areas. (Journal of The Mediacl Association of Thailand 88(2)(2005) 176- 180.) APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE CRITERIA DECISION MAKING TO AIR POLLUTION DATA FROM BANGKOK, THAILAND (NO. 798) Montip Tiensuwan 1 , Satinee Lertprapai 1 , and Bimal K. Sinha 2 1 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2 Department of Mathematics and Statistics University, of Maryland, Baltimore Country, USA. In this study we concentrate on the air pollution data measured as carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ozone from ten monitoring stations in Bangkok, Thailand and apply Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method to compute an overall air pollution index for these stations and compare them. We also study robustness of these overall indices. (The 4 th Annual Hawaii International Conference on Statistics. Sheraton Waikiki Hotel, USA. 9-11 January 2005) PERCOLALTION (NO. 799) Kit Tyabandha and Jirabhat Yokrattanasak Department of Mathematics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. E-mail : sckty@mahidol.ac.th Key words : percolation, statistical physics Faculty of Science Percolationis the study of transitions between two phases. The classical percolation theory began with the works by Hammersley in 1957, where he considered liquid flowing through networks of tubes. Another branch of the theory of percolation comes from the work by Ising in 1925 in the field of atomic- and quantum physics. A good introduction and reviews of existing literature is written by Stauffer and Aharony in 1985. The word ‘percolation’ is an adaptation from the percolator, which is a machine for making coffee. This study is in the stage of survey to cover as large ground as possible. Later it is planned that specifically some unexplored areas be defined and studied. PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.pdffactory.com
Mahidol University Annual Research Abstracts, Vol. 33 303 COMPARISON OF CAVITY MODIFICATION AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT AS STRATEGIES FOR HORNBILL CONSERVATION IN THAILAND (NO. 800) Pilai Poonswad 1 , Chumpol Sukkasem 2 , Somnoi Phataramata 3 , Sumsuding Hayeemuida 4 , Kamol Plongmai 1 , Phitaya Chuailua 1 , Preeda Thiensongrusame 1 , Narong Jirawatkavi 1 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; 2 National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, National Park and Wildlife Research Division, Natural Resource Conservation Office, Khao Yai National Park, Bangkok, Thailand; 3 National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, National Park and Wildlife Research Division, Natural Resource Conservation Office, Sukarin National Park, Bangkok, Thailand; 4 National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, National Park and Wildlife Research Division, Natural Resource Conservation Office, Budo-Sungai Padi National Park, Bangkok, Thailand. Key words : Cavity modification; Community involvement; Hornbill conservation; We monitored breeding success of hornbills in Thailand for four sympatric species at Khao Yai National Park during 1981– 2002 and six species at Budo-Sungai Padi National Park during 1994–2002. Within a 60 km2 study area at Khao Yai, the well protected area, use of available cavities ranged from 94% in 1984 to 50% in 1993. Competition for nesting cavities was 40% of cavities available indicating the shortage of suitable cavity. We monitored the cavity condition and modified 48 cavities and, between 1996 and 2000, these contributed annually 23–45% of nestings that were successfully fledged (n = 352). Within the 90 km 2 at Budo Mountain, with heavy human disturbance, use of available cavities for nesting decreased from 81% in 1997 to 30% by 2001 and of successful fledging from 96% in 1997 to 55% in 1999, but both increased once our involvement with local communities had eradicated poaching and reduced disturbance. Competition for nesting cavities here was 26% of cavities available indicating the effect of poaching. Both strategies were successful in the short term but long-term management of cavities in large forest trees is required at Khao Yai and of forest disturbance at Budo. (Journal of Biological Conservation. 122 (2005), pp. 385-393.) A BOTANICAL INVENTORY OF A TROPICAL SEASONAL FOREST IN KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR FRUIT– FRUGIVORE INTERACTIONS (NO. 801) Shumpei Kitamura 1 , Shunsuke Suzuki 2 , Takakazu Yumoto 3 , Phitaya Chuailua 4 , Kamol Plongmai 4 , Pilai Poonswad 4 , Naohiko Noma 2 , Tamaki Maruhashi 5 and Chumphon Suckasam 6 1 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami-Hirano, 520 2113, Otsu, Japan, Email: shumpei@ecology.kyoto-u.ac.jp ; 2 School of Environmental Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 522-8533, Hikone, Japan; 3 Research Institute of Humanity and Nature, 602-0878, Takashima, Marutamachi-Kawaramachi, Kyoto, Japan; 4 Hornbill Project, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand; 5 Department of Human and Culture, Musashi University, 176- 8534, Nerima, Tokyo, Japan; 6 Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, National Park, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand, Key words: Frugivory; Seed dispersal, Tropical seasonal evergreen forest The diversity of plants in tropical forests makes dietary studies of frugivores difficult. This paper provides a botanical inventory of a tropical seasonal forest community in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. The forest is valuable from a conservation perspective because it is one of the last remaining intact forests in northeastern Thailand, and is an important refuge for many animal and plant species. A 4-ha inventory plot measuring 200 × 200 m was established and all plants greater than or equal to 10 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) were measured and permanently labeled. We found 1610 stems belonging to 105 species, 76 genera and 35 families, with a combined basal area of 142.5 m 2 . The community was dominated by species of Lauraceae, Cornaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Meliaceae, and Elaeocarpaceae. About one-third of the plant species (40 spp.) identified in this study were vulnerable to extinction because they were mostly dispersed by large frugivores, which were intolerant of human impact. If they disappear, these forests may become dominated by plant species that are dispersed by abiotic means and species with small-seeded fruits. (Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 14. No. 5, May 2005, pp. 1241-1261(21). Supported by Research Fund of the Japan Society for The promotion of Science (no. 10041169) and JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists.) CHARACTERISTICS OF HORNBILL-DISPERSED FRUITS IN A TROPICAL SEASONAL FOREST IN THAILAND (NO. 802) Shumpei Kitamura 1 , Takakazu Yumoto 1 , Pilai Poonswad 2 , Phitaya Chuailua 2 and Kamol Plongmai 2 1 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kamitanakami-Hirano, Otsu 520-2113, Japan; 2 Hornbill Project, Department of Microbiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Key words : Hornbill, Dispersed fruits, Tropical seasonal Forest Asian hornbills are primarily frugivorous. We studied the characteristics of fruits consumed by four sympatric hornbill species in Thailand: Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis), Wreathed Hornbill (Aceros undulatus), Austin’s Brown Hornbill (Anorrhinus austeni) and Oriental Pied Hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris). We compared the frequency of distribution of 11 variables for all fruit species collected in the study area (n = 259) and fruit species consumed by hornbills (n = 73). Our analysis revealed that fruits consumed by hornbills are: (1) large, (2) easily accessible within the canopy, (3) red, purple or black and (4) dehiscent or indehiscent with a thin husk. The range of fruit sizes eaten by hornbills in our study is comparable to that reported from other sites in Southeast Asia and Africa. The large gape width of hornbills enables them to consume large fruits that small frugivores would find difficult to consume. (Journal of Bird Conservation International, Vol. 14, Supplement S1, (2004) Published Online (2005) Supported by Research Fund of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (no.10041169), JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists. and Thailand Hornbill Project ) PDF created with FinePrint pdfFactory Pro trial version http://www.pdffactory.com
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