Download - Nanowerk

More documents

Recommendations

Info

2 Detection 2.1 Introduction The ability to accurately and rapidly detect different substances (chemical and biological), objects and people is key to preventing many civil security problems. Improvement in detection technologies is driven by reduction in device size, increased sensitivity and selectivity, and the possibility of hidden detection systems. MEMS already offers advances in this sense, however nanotechnologies should provide further improvements, as well as easier to use and cheaper detection devices. The function of such systems is to detect: • biological agents like viruses, bacteria, DNA, RNA, proteins, nucleotides to prevent bioterrorism as well as bio dissemination of a dangerous agent (e.g. anthrax, ebola); • chemical agents like poisons (e.g. sarin gas), industrial gases (e.g. hydrogen, carbon monoxide); • radiation: α, β, γ rays; • optical properties (wavelength measurement and imaging); • other physical properties such as temperature and pressure For the purpose of this report, three classes of detection devices for civil security have been identified that are influenced by nanotechnology advances: • imaging devices- X-ray screening, infra-red detection, and the emerging field of terahertz imaging. • sensor devices- biological and chemical applications. • miniaturized sensor networks- also known as smart dust. These have specific constraints due to their portability and autonomy (energy, data management). 2.2 Image detection Different image detection methods utilising different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are possible (see Figure 2.1). γ -ray X -ray UV visible IR radio Figure 2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum; http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Spectre.svg 3
The most common image detection methods are γ-ray and X-ray (to screen the inside of containers, luggage); visible light using cameras in public places to detect suspicious behaviour or known individuals; infra-red to detect body heat or that from weapons and vehicles. Finally terahertz frequencies are gaining huge interest for their use in both imaging and spectrometry. 2.2.1 Gamma-Ray imaging Gamma-ray imaging (10 -14 m
Page 1 and 2: Tenth Nanoforum Report: Nanotechnol
Page 3 and 4: Nanoforum reports The Nanoforum con
Page 5 and 6: About Nanoforum This European Union
Page 7 and 8: 1 Introduction ....................
Page 9: 1 Introduction Security is becoming
Page 13 and 14: Figure 2.4 Two nanotubes grown on t
Page 15 and 16: Self-assembled ErAs:GaAs nano-islan
Page 17 and 18: 2.3.1 Direct detection Nanostructur
Page 19 and 20: Figure 2.12 When the capture/target
Page 21 and 22: Quantum dots Quantum dots, with the
Page 23 and 24: Cantilevers Advances in photo- and
Page 25 and 26: contains sensors, computational abi
Page 27 and 28: consumes on the order of 1nJ/bit (t
Page 29 and 30: 3 Protection 3.1 Introduction - Nan
Page 31 and 32: nanoparticles onto the respective s
Page 33 and 34: gas separation. If required, therma
Page 35 and 36: and similar chemical substances. Th
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.8 Cross section and longit
Page 39 and 40: esult of a thermonuclear explosion
Page 41 and 42: applications are either completely
Page 43 and 44: 4 Identification 4.1 Introduction T
Page 45 and 46: Oxonica has developed the Nanobarco
Page 47 and 48: Texas Technical University (2002) h
Page 49 and 50: a b Figure 4.9 a) Damaged mobile re
Page 51 and 52: was further reported that 81% of th
Page 53 and 54: 5 Societal Implications 5.1 Introdu
Page 55 and 56: case by case basis for compliance w
Page 57 and 58: • All products must respect legis
Page 59 and 60: 5.3.2 Impacts of RFID and related t
Page 61 and 62:
“fight against terrorism”. “P
Page 63 and 64:
The EU discussion and work in progr
Page 65 and 66:
5.7 References Comité 4 en 5 mei,
Page 67 and 68:
de Vigilancia MadrI+D, Madrid, 2007
Page 69 and 70:
and indeed whether it succeeded or
Page 71:
DINAMICS: “Diagnostic Nanotech an
show all

Download - Nanowerk

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?