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and indeed whether it succeeded or not). This might take the form of a
coordination or support action under the framework programme.
• the creation of an EU SME network to improve the fabrication of nanomaterials
and devices relevant to security. For example the US and Japan have networks of
academic centres and companies that facilitate access to materials and
technology. This would support Europe's industrial competitiveness in the area of
security RTD.
• research aimed at improving the basic analytical characteristics of bio-chemical
sensing systems. Increasing sensitivity, overcoming interference (non-specific
signals) and reducing response time are seen as critical features for improvement
in sensor technologies, and their application in security, health and environmental
areas.
• a systems-level approach to security research, integrating different projects and
different expertise at each stage of the value chain.
• the development of easy-to-use devices and instruments for application in a
variety of security scenarios. Here, of special interest are integrated systems
(tailored for remote and embedded monitoring) with low power consumption that
are capable of detecting a wide spectrum of agents and a wide range of
concentrations with reduced probabilities of false or missed alarms.
• caution regarding patenting issues; as patents, particularly in this field, can be of
limited usefulness.
Societal issues
• the need to incorporate ethical design from the start. This requires a
multidisciplinary approach that involves not only scientists and technologists but
social scientists. For security RTD this is particularly important.
• the need to effectively discriminate between measured security and perceived
security.
• the introduction of features in ubiquitous sensor networks to facilitate their
removal when no longer required, and the enforcement of a minimum size.
• the need to respect the autonomy of citizens and obtain consent with regard to
protection of privacy, collection of data and its share for security purposes (antiterrorism,
judicial use, etc).
• clarification on the dual use of nano-derived technological devices for security
purposes and full respect of human dignity and integrity.
It is clear that funding for security R&D will continue to grow (ESRAB has recommended
that at least one billion euros be invested each year in specific security R&D within the
EU, in addition to other research programmes which may produce applications for
security). Nanotechnology developments have the potential to provide more sensitive,
complete and rapid analysis of a variety of parameters that are important to maintaining
a secure environment for citizens. These will not be achieved through conventional
technologies. It can be expected therefore that the nanotechnology will contribute an
increasing proportion of security R&D in the coming years.
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