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62 direction of their bases from the peg. A GPS co-ordinate was taken at each peg in 2004 and 2006. Red spray paint was used to mark trees close to the peg in 2004 and this paint was still visible in 2006. In 2006 danger tape was tied around the peg to make it easier to find, and also to mark the access point from the road. Four fixed point photographs were taken from a tripod with the camera lens at 125 cm above the ground in a north, east, south and west direction in 2004 and 2006. Photographs were also taken from the access road towards the plot with a person standing on the peg in 2004 and 2006. A photograph was also taken from about 1.5 m above the ground directly down to the peg and by placing the camera on the ground next to the peg and taking a picture directly upwards. The photograph numbers were recorded on the data sheets and are provided in the excel spreadsheets submitted with this report. The data recorded at each plot was captured on data sheets that are summarised in Annexure 1. Two circular plots were laid down around the peg. One was a small 1.5 m radius plot where the density and height of all plants was recorded and the second a larger 10 m radius plot where the diversity of different growth forms and other information on indigenous and exotic plants was recorded. Soil samples were also taken from these sites in 2006 by taking three shallow spade fulls of the top 3 cm of soil from three different places in the plot. The soil is stored in brown paper packets in a drying room in Skukuza. Unfortunately the germination studies planned for the soil samples were not done. Appendix 1 Permanent plot (peg 57) is located in Swaziland in a riparian habitat alongside a sugar cane plantation. It was sampled on 17 May 2004. It had no grass cover, 100 % cover of chromolaena and 75 % cover of lantana. The site was slashed in November 2004. The copice was then sprayed with glyphosate before the site was burnt in a very hot fire in October 2005. The site was resampled on 14 June 2006. The plot had 100 % cover of Panicum maximum grass, 8 % cover of chromolaena and 5 % cover of lantana. Other weeds emerging included Tagetes minuta, Solanum seaforthianum, Ricinus communis, Melia Azedarach.
Figure 1: Map of the study area showing the location of permanent sample sites and experimental plots Appendix 1 63
Page 1:
Development of a Clearing Protocol
Page 5 and 6:
Contents 1. Executive Summary......
Page 7 and 8:
1. Executive Summary The difficulti
Page 9 and 10:
• Assess the degree to which ecos
Page 11 and 12: 4. Findings 4.1 Overview of Sweet G
Page 13 and 14: To further complicate matters, Iron
Page 15 and 16: Table 1: Summary of important infor
Page 17 and 18: expected. It grows especially well
Page 19 and 20: 5) Fire tolerance - the plants burn
Page 21 and 22: Species Common name Solanum seafort
Page 23 and 24: leaking pipelines and/or irrigation
Page 25 and 26: disturbance of the soil will probab
Page 27 and 28: 4.3.1.2d) Bulldozing Scraping with
Page 29 and 30: Table 3: Herbicides registered for
Page 31 and 32: flower and set seed. To apply folia
Page 33 and 34: 4.3.1.3c) Aerial spraying Vehicle o
Page 35 and 36: the impacts of fire season on lanta
Page 37 and 38: 4.3.2.1b) Steep riparian forest The
Page 39 and 40: ) Medium density 5-75 % cover c) Hi
Page 41 and 42: 4.4.1a) Generic clearing options in
Page 43 and 44: 4.4.1c) Generic clearing options in
Page 45 and 46: 4.4.2 Control options in different
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.2c) Clearing options for lowvel
Page 49 and 50: 4.4.2e) Clearing options for mixed
Page 51 and 52: 4.4.2g) Clearing options for planta
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.2i) Clearing options for rural
Page 55 and 56: 5. Discussion 5.1 Discussion of the
Page 57 and 58: 8. References Acocks JPH 1988. Veld
Page 59: Trollope WSW 1980. Controlling bush
Page 64 and 65: 64 Table 1: Plot data for the regio
Page 66 and 67: 66 Region Site Name Peg GPS South K
Page 68 and 69: 6 monthly rainfall (mm) monthly rai
Page 70 and 71: Annexure 1: Summary data for the 59
Page 72 and 73: 2 Annexure 2: Original sampling pla
Page 74 and 75: 4 Site No .........................
Page 76 and 77: 6 9.2 Appendix 2: Results from fiel
Page 78 and 79: A summary of the treatments applied
Page 80 and 81: 0 tree div diff 3.175916 tree divdi
Page 82 and 83: 2 % cover chromolaena in 2005/% cov
Page 84 and 85: 4 plots was cleared in 2004). This
Page 86: 6 9.4 Appendix 4: Acknowledgements
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