Euston-Brown, D., Rathogwa, N & Richardson ... - DWA Home Page

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0 tree div diff 3.175916 tree divdiff 8.642734 2005-2004 grass div 15 d 0 gr div diff 10 0 0.910684 tot herbdiffe-0.089316 5 totherb diff 2.860859 0 totdiffdiv04 2 -5 totdiff04-06 11 -10 difference g 0 -15 chrom cove 20 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull multist05 62.44017 clearing method chrom dens-10.80697 % crom cov 21.94192 difference in indigenous tree diversity difference in indigenous herb diversity difference in % cover grasses difference in % cover chromolaena 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 70 50 30 10 -10 -30 -50 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 Appendix 2 2005-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull clearing method 2005-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull clearing method 2005-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull control method difference in indigenous tree diversity difference in indigenous herb diversity difference in % cover grasses difference in % cover chromolaena 3 9 0 1 0 3 2 11 -10 0 15 10 -5 -15 20 60 -17 20 5 0 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 70 50 30 10 -10 -30 -50 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 2006-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull clearing method 2006-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull clearing method 2006-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull clearing method 2006-2004 control cut & treat foliar spray hand pull control method Figure 1: Differences between 2005 and 2004 and between 2006 and 2004 for four different plant variables: indigenous tree diversity, indigenous herb diversity, % cover grasses and % cover chromolaena for the different clearing treatments. Blocks are standard deviations around the mean and lines are maximum and minimum values. Sample numbers are: control - 3; cut & treat - 9; foliar spray - 6; hand pulling - 6.
ainfall (mm) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Rainfall at Tzaneen by season summer autumn winter spring annual total months Figure 2: Rainfall by season over four years at Tzaneen. The annual total is also shown. Data supplied by the South African Weather Service (no data available for winter and and spring 2006). The time and number of people it took to apply the various treatments to the plots was recorded and this was converted to person days per hectare. The follow up treatments were consistently quicker to do than the initial treatments, taking on average one eighth of the time. The foliar spray method was the quickest method while the cut & treat method takes about two times longer (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA by ranks, p=0.01). Figure 3a and b provides a broad summary of the results obtained at both sites between 2005 and 2004. and between 2006 and 2004. The cut & treat method was the most effective clearing method at both the Hilltop and Theuns Botha Sites in 2005 (Figure 3a). The foliar spray and hand pulling treatments are also effective but not as effective as the cut & treat method. In 2005 all treatments resulted in an average loss of indigenous species, but by 2006 this had changed to an overall increase in diversity. In 2006 all treatments were very effective for clearing chromolaena, except for the stacking treatment for cut & treat with chopper which had a high recovery of chromolaena at the Hilltop site. 2003 2004 2005 2006 Appendix 2 1
Page 1:
Development of a Clearing Protocol
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Contents 1. Executive Summary......
Page 7 and 8:
1. Executive Summary The difficulti
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• Assess the degree to which ecos
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4. Findings 4.1 Overview of Sweet G
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To further complicate matters, Iron
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Table 1: Summary of important infor
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expected. It grows especially well
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5) Fire tolerance - the plants burn
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Species Common name Solanum seafort
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leaking pipelines and/or irrigation
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disturbance of the soil will probab
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4.3.1.2d) Bulldozing Scraping with
Page 29 and 30: Table 3: Herbicides registered for
Page 31 and 32: flower and set seed. To apply folia
Page 33 and 34: 4.3.1.3c) Aerial spraying Vehicle o
Page 35 and 36: the impacts of fire season on lanta
Page 37 and 38: 4.3.2.1b) Steep riparian forest The
Page 39 and 40: ) Medium density 5-75 % cover c) Hi
Page 41 and 42: 4.4.1a) Generic clearing options in
Page 43 and 44: 4.4.1c) Generic clearing options in
Page 45 and 46: 4.4.2 Control options in different
Page 47 and 48: 4.4.2c) Clearing options for lowvel
Page 49 and 50: 4.4.2e) Clearing options for mixed
Page 51 and 52: 4.4.2g) Clearing options for planta
Page 53 and 54: 4.4.2i) Clearing options for rural
Page 55 and 56: 5. Discussion 5.1 Discussion of the
Page 57 and 58: 8. References Acocks JPH 1988. Veld
Page 59: Trollope WSW 1980. Controlling bush
Page 62 and 63: 62 direction of their bases from th
Page 64 and 65: 64 Table 1: Plot data for the regio
Page 66 and 67: 66 Region Site Name Peg GPS South K
Page 68 and 69: 6 monthly rainfall (mm) monthly rai
Page 70 and 71: Annexure 1: Summary data for the 59
Page 72 and 73: 2 Annexure 2: Original sampling pla
Page 74 and 75: 4 Site No .........................
Page 76 and 77: 6 9.2 Appendix 2: Results from fiel
Page 78 and 79: A summary of the treatments applied
Page 82 and 83: 2 % cover chromolaena in 2005/% cov
Page 84 and 85: 4 plots was cleared in 2004). This
Page 86: 6 9.4 Appendix 4: Acknowledgements
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