Commodity PRA for Agaricus bisporus - Defra

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Species Type of organism Rhabditis Saprophytic (Choriorhabditis) nematode longicaudatus Rhabditis (Pellioditis) pellio Saprophytic nematode Rhabditis terricola Saprophytic nematode Rhabditis cucumeris Saprophytic nematode Commodity PRA for Mushrooms CSL/Warwick HRI, December 18th 2007; revised 24 February 2009 CSL Registered File No. PPP 12011A Worldwide distribution Means of movement Not known Passive dispersal, survival in compost or phoretic on flies. Possibly distributed by air currents when in a dried state. Worldwide (not UK) Passive dispersal, survival in compost or phoretic on flies. Possibly distributed by air currents when in a dried state. Not known Passive dispersal, survival in compost or phoretic on flies. Possibly distributed by air currents when in a dried state. Worldwide(not UK) Passive dispersal, survival in compost or phoretic on flies. Possibly distributed by air currents when in a dried state. 16
4. Discussion Commodity PRA for Mushrooms CSL/Warwick HRI, December 18th 2007; revised 24 February 2009 CSL Registered File No. PPP 12011A This analysis has shown that the majority of the mushroom pathogens, weed moulds and pests recorded in the literature are present in the UK. Nevertheless, several species are not found in the UK that could potentially affect mushroom production if introduced. They are discussed in part below. There are also a number species that have been recorded in other habitats or on other hosts in the UK but have not recorded in UK mushroom crops. These species include several species of weed mould and nematode, and one species of fungal pathogen, Verticillium fungicola var. aleophilum. Of these species, the most significant threat is the fungal pathogen. This organism has been recorded affecting mushrooms in North America, where it is the main cause of dry bubble disease, causing a variety of symptoms on mushroom caps such as lesions, distortion and discolouration. However, in Europe, dry bubble is associated with Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, therefore mushroom growers already deal with dry bubble caused by a related species. Nevertheless, mushroom growers are advised to remain vigilant against species that are already present in the UK and have the potential to affect mushroom production, but have not yet been officially recorded in mushroom production environments. 4.1 Pathogen risks Paecilomyces penicillatus. This fungus has not been recorded in the UK. There is only one report of it affecting mushrooms (found on a decaying mushroom in Belgium). As this was an isolated report it may have been an opportunistic infection. If P. penicillatus were an aggressive pathogen of mushrooms then it is likely that the disease would have been more widely reported. Therefore the risk this pathogen presents to UK mushrooms is likely to be low. Pseudomonas species. Pseudomonas costantinii and Pseudomonas ‘reactans’ have never been recorded in the UK. However, little is known about their current distribution. Pseudomonas costantinii was originally considered a strain of Pseudomonas tolaasi (Munsch et al., 2002). Both P. tolaasi and P. costantinii can cause brown blotches on mushroom caps. P. tolaasi is known to be common in the UK on mushrooms. Since many Pseudomonas strains already occur in UK mushrooms, many uncharacterised, it is possible that these species are also present but have not been formally reported. UK mushroom growers already manage diseases caused by several other Pseudomonas species. Therefore, it is likely that these Pseudomonas species present little additional risk to UK mushrooms. 4.2 Weed mould competitor risks Trichoderma aggressivum forma aggressivum. This species is an aggressive coloniser of mushroom composts in North America but is not present in Europe. An HDC-funded Project undertook a survey of Trichoderma species present in UK mushroom production on 15 farms, over a 17
Page 1 and 2: A UK commodity Pest Risk Analysis f
Page 3 and 4: Commodity PRA for Mushrooms CSL/War
Page 5 and 6: 1. Introduction 1. 1 Mushroom produ
Page 9: Commodity PRA for Mushrooms CSL/War
Page 12 and 13: 2. Methods Commodity PRA for Mushro
Page 32 and 33: Table 2. Weed moulds (fungi) associ
Page 34 and 35: Weed mould Synonym Notes on worldwi
Page 46 and 47: Pathogen Symptom Notes on worldwide
Page 48 and 49: Table 5. Insect pests associated wi
Page 50 and 51: Table 6. Acarina (Mites) associated
Page 52 and 53: Pest Component attacked Notes on wo
Page 54 and 55: Table 7. Mycophagous nematode pests

Commodity PRA for Agaricus bisporus - Defra

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