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In maize, Zehr et al. (1987) observed qualltotlve variation in $elfed progeny d plants
regenerated from immature embryos. They are lethal chlorophyll deficiencies, necrotic led
tip, ragged leaves, dwarfs, whlte cob, indeterminate growth habit, brown leaf midribs,
wrinkled leaves and albino seedling. They also report quantHatlve varlatlon for plant height,
days to pollen shed and silk emergonce relative to pollen shed, decreased ear length,
Increased kernel rows per ear, and decreased or Increased seed weight. McCoy and Phillips
(1982) reported defective kernel mutants in the R2 generation for eight R1 families that were
previously normal in appearance. Lee et al. (1988) report lower grain yield and mdsture in
tissue culture derived lines as compared to control lines, although the highest yielding line per
re in 3 of 6 trials and top ranking grain moisture lines in 5 of 6 trials were tissue culture derived.
In TIiticale Jordan and Lorter (1985) observed considerable variability In plants regenerated
from 15 day old embryos. Variabili was greater for spike length (26% shorter than contrd),
ferliliiy and plant height. They also observed the second generation plants to have a
significant increase in percent kemel protein relative to its control. They also report that
although the electrophoretic pattern for prolamin was me same, the intensity of bands varied.
In rice, Ung et al. (1987) reported 3 of 157 regenerated plants from sornalic cell culture to be
male tterlle. They Infer that the male sterile cytoplovn was induced horn normal ferlile
cyioplasm by tissue culture. Nowlck et al. (1988) report 9 of the R2 lines sampled to have 75%
stefile pollen. One line wos observed to segregate for dwod plants which were also male
sterile. Some tall segregating lines with reduced pollen staining were also observed.
Anaphase bridges were soen in the pollen mother cells at low percentage. Browning d the
led was observed but they did not reporl any associdlon between Mdge f m and
morphological varlatlons. Sun el al. (1983) obscwved quanmaHve lmlt variation hoquencieo to