Volume 60 - Tomato Genetics Cooperative - University of Florida

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flowers have smaller and lighter green petals and anthers and longer filaments (Fig 1; Petrova et al 1998). In addition to tomato nuclear male sterility mutants (reviewed in Gorman and McCormick 1997) ), similar changes of flower structures have been reported for tomato plants grown at low temperatures (Lozano et al. 1998) and in lossof-function transgenic plants for the B-class genes required for petal and stamen identity (De Martino et al. 2006). The size of plant organs is determined by cell division and cell expansion and elongation. Our investigation of the size of epidermal cells shows that the smaller size of the anthers in the CMS line (Fig. 1; Stoeva-Popova et al., unpublished) can be explained largely by the reduction in the size of the cells. The epidermal cells on both surfaces of the CMS anther were significantly smaller in comparison to S. pennellii: respectively 51% smaller on the adaxial side, and 42.3% on the abaxial surface. On the other hand, no corresponding effect of cytoplasmic male sterility on cell size in the petals was observed On the abaxial surface of the petals of CMS line, the cells were 81.5% larger than in S. pennellii, while on the adaxial side, they were 32.2 % smaller. According to our measurements (Stoeva et al., unpublished data) the CMS-pennellii filaments are several magnitudes longer than the filaments of S. pennellii (Fig. 1). This is not merely a consequence of increased cells size, as the filament epidermal cells of CMS are statistically larger than those of S. pennellii only on the abaxial side. CMSpennellii and S. pennellii share the same nuclear genome and cytoplasmic male sterility affects expression of nuclear genes ( reviewed in Linke, Börner 2005, Chase 2006). Our results above show that cytoplasmic male sterility does not equally affect the development of petals, stamens and filaments. Our study has shown that there are significant differences in the size of epidermal cells between the two species: the red-fruited cultivated tomato and the green-fruited S. pennellii. Significant differences were determined for the epidermal cells of the anthers and petals. The epidermal cells of the anthers of the cultivated tomato were larger, which is an indication that the anthers of S. pennellii have greater number of epidermal cells. The same conclusion could be drawn from the study of the abaxial epidermal cells of the petals and the filaments. Since the two species are not closely related it will be interesting to investigate other representatives of the tomato clade and to determine if the size of epidermal cells of flower structures can be indicative of species relatedness. Although no statistical analysis was carried out, our data show one consistent feature across all genotypes: the largest epidermal cells were observed on anthers, while the ones with the smallest surface area were epidermal cells of petals. 60
References Andersen W.R. (1964). Evidence for plasmon differentiation in Lycopersicon. Report Tomato Genet. Coop. 14:4-6 Andersen, W.R. (1963). Cytoplasmic sterility in hybrids of Lycopersicon esculentum and Solanum pennellii. Report Tomato Genet. Coop. 13:7-8 Burkhin V., Hernould M., Gonzalez N., Chevalier C., Mouras A. (2003). Flower development schedule in tomato Lycopersicon esculentum cv. sweet cherry. Sex. Plant. Reprod. 15:311-320 Chase Ch. (2006). Cytoplasmic male sterility: a window to the world of plant mitochondrial-nuclear interactions. Trends in Genetics 23 (3):81-90 de Martino G., Pan I., Emmanuel E., Levy A., Irish V.F. (2006). Functional analysis of two tomato APETALA3 genes demonstrate diversification in their roles in regulating floral development. Plant Cell 18:1833-1845 Farbos I., Mouras A., Bereterbide A., Glimelius K. (2001). Defective cell proliferation in the floral meristems of alloplasmic plants of Nicotiana tabacum leads to abnormal floral organ development and male sterility. Plant Journal 26:131-142. Gorman S.W., McCormick S. (1997). Male sterility in tomato. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 16(1):31-53 Kaul M.L.H (1988). Male sterility in higher plants. In: Monographs on Theor. Appl. Genet. 10. Springer Verlag Berlin Leino M., Teixeira R., Landgren M., Glimelius K. (2003). Brassica napus lines with rearranged Arabidopsis mitochondria display CMS and a range of developmental aberrations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 106:1156-1163 Linke B., Börner T. (2005). Mitochondrial effects on flower and pollen development. Mitochondrion 5:389-402 Lozano R., Angosto T., Gomez P., payan C., Huijer P., Salinas J., Martinez-Zapater J.M. (1998). Tomato flower abnormalities induced by low temperatures are associated with changes of expression of MADS-box genes. Plant Physiology 117:91-100 Petrova M., Vulkova Z., Gorinova N., Izhar S., Firon N., Jacquemin J.-M., Atanassov A., Stoeva P. (1999). Characterization of cytoplasmic male sterile hybrid line between Lycopersicon peruvianum Mill. x Lycopersicon pennellii Corr. and its crosses with the cultivated tomato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 98:825-830 Pringle JR. (1991) Staining of bud scars and other cell wall chitin with calcofluor. Methods in Enzymology 4:732-5 Radkova M. (2002). Morphological, cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies of cytoplasmic male sterility in genus Lycopersicon. PhD Thesis, AgroBioInstitute, Sofia, Bulgaria Rasband W.S., (2009) ImageJ. U. S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij. 61
Page 1 and 2:
Report of the Tomato Genetics Coope
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents Foreword 2 Announ
Page 5 and 6:
Upcoming meetings: February 17-19,
Page 7 and 8:
Opena et al., 1989; Celine et al.,
Page 9 and 10: esistant lines, a specific bitter t
Page 11 and 12: esistance and very large fruit (Sco
Page 13 and 14: esistance and agro-climatic adaptat
Page 15 and 16: esistance, and breeding in geograph
Page 17 and 18: acteria (vascular or not) and even
Page 19 and 20: Abinne (librarian at INRA-CRAAG, Gu
Page 21 and 22: origin Table 1. Summing up of the p
Page 23 and 24: Literature cited 1. Acosta J.C., 19
Page 25 and 26: complex. C. Allen, P. Prior and C.
Page 27 and 28: 63. Mew T.W., Ho W.C., 1977. Effect
Page 29: 93. Wang, J.-F., P. Hanson, and J.A
Page 37: Figure 9 : Pedigree of ‘CRA74’,
Page 42 and 43: provide a rationale for pyramiding
Page 44 and 45: was evaluated in relation to the pa
Page 46 and 47: The parents had average DSIs of 0.6
Page 48 and 49: The average DSI for RS families wit
Page 50 and 51: Combinations of introgressions Ty3a
Page 52 and 53: Literature Cited: Abinder, I., Reuv
Page 54 and 55: Research Papers TGC REPORT VOLUME 6
Page 56 and 57: tomatoes and peppers grown in the f
Page 58 and 59: Research Papers TGC REPORT VOLUME 6
Page 62 and 63: Stoeva P., Dimaculangan 2 D., Radko
Page 64 and 65: Fig. 4: CLSM photographs of epiderm
Page 66 and 67: Revised List of Wild Species Stocks
Page 68 and 69: S. cheesmaniae (L. cheesmanii) LA04
Page 70 and 71: S. chilense (L. chilense) LA2767 Ch
Page 72 and 73: S. chmielewskii (L. chmielewskii) L
Page 74 and 75: S. galapagense (L. cheesmanii f. mi
Page 76 and 77: S. habrochaites (L. hirsutum, L. hi
Page 78 and 79: S. lycopersicoides LA4130 Pachica (
Page 80 and 81: S. lycopersicum (L. esculentum var.
Page 86 and 87: S. ochranthum LA2166 Pacopampa Caja
Page 88 and 89: S. peruvianum (L. peruvianum) LA153
Page 90 and 91: S. pimpinellifolium (L. pimpinellif
Page 96 and 97: Appendix. Wild species core collect
Page 98 and 99: 98 S. lyc. cerasiforme LA4133 LA024
Page 100 and 101: SolCAP LA2675 LA2744 LA2779 LA2788
Page 102 and 103: Coulibaly, Sylvaine Nunhems USA, 70
Page 104 and 105: McCaslin, Mark FLF Tomatoes, 18591
Page 106 and 107: Stommel, John USDA-ARS, Genetic Imp
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