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2 ANDRÉ HECK cific books on information handling and communication in astronomy (Heck 2000 & 2003, Heck & Madsen 2003). Quite a few FPCA-I attendees had contributed to those masterpieces. There were also dedicated meetings, such as the 1996 colloquium on Strategies and Techniques of Information in Astronomy (Heck & Murtagh 1996). As to electronic publishing itself, the story had started earlier with the first international colloquium on the theme 1 held about twenty years ago in Strasbourg (Heck 1992). Other reviews on electronic publishing were produced subsequently (see e.g. Heck 1997 and chapters in the OSA series). At FPCA-I in Brussels, many interesting issues and technicalities were discussed – then on a background of renewal of contracts between learned societies and publishers. The proceedings (Heck & Houziaux 2007 2 ) include also the summaries of an Editor’s Forum moderated by Helmut Abt and of a Publisher’s Forum moderated by Terry Mahoney, as well as Notes from the Meeting by Mike A’Hearn who was then Chairman of the AAS Publications Board. From these, I feel appropriate to echo here a point often forgotten: There was widespread agreement, after much discussion, that the biggest “cost” of publishing is in the time of the scientists who write the papers and the time of the scientists who referee the papers. For a variety of reasons, these “costs” are never accounted for in the “cost of publishing”. I shall come back to this later on. 3. Why another meeting? While FPCA-I could be considered a success, I was still in the dark regarding a number of basic questions I had beforehand – and that have not been cleared up since. This is partially motivating, three years later, this second meeting, most kindly organized by Alberto Accomazzi and his team. Let me first point out that professional communication is much broader than just publishing. Sharing of knowledge encompasses also lectures, courses, demonstrations, press conferences, for instance. Astronomy professional communication can be schematized as in Figs. 1 & 2. The main pending issues coming to my mind are the following ones: − Again, where are we heading to in terms of publishing? Were the business models presented at FPCA-I applied? Were they successful? It seems that the main purpose of our commercial partners is quite legitimately to make more money – while giving us still more work though. I’ll tell hereafter a little story about this. 1 The buzzword shifted from desktop publishing to electronic publishing between the time the meeting was launched and when it took place. 2 Available online at http://astro.u-strasbg.fr/∼heck/fpca toc.htm
FPCA-II OPENING COMMENTS 3 Figure 1. The astronomy-related communication process (adapted from Heck 2003b). − Open Access models failed to convince me so far, perhaps because OA is a label used to cover quite different things. For instance, a couple of weeks ago, I was demonstrated a system boasted as OA while it was in fact an institutional bibliographical system with formatting capabilities. Openness was left to individual authors in charge of securing authorization for accessing each of their papers if they wanted to make them visible. − At the time of FPCA-I, librarians were in an adaptive phase and we will certainly hear at this meeting what happened meanwhile.
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