Environmental Criteria for Hydropower in the Mekong Region - WWF

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The Current Status of Environmental Criteria for Hydropower Development in the Mekong Region: A litterature compilation NGO non-governmental organization NHP National Hydropower Plan, Viet Nam NMC National Mekong Committee NOx nitrogen oxides NSEC north-south economic corridor PAP project-affected people PPP policies, plans, and programs PRC People’s Republic of China PWG GMS Working Group on Power Trade RETA regional technical assistance, ADB SEA strategic environmental assessment SEC southern economic corridor SEF II strategic environment framework, phase 2 SEPA State Environment Protection Administration, PRC SERC State Electricity Regulatory Commission SO2 sulphur dioxide STEA Science, Technology and Environment Agency, Lao PDR TA technical assistance TOR terms of reference UN United Nations UNEP United Nations Environment Programme WCD World Commission on Dams WSSD World Summit on Sustainable Development WUP water utilisation programme, MRC WWF Worldwide Fund for Nature ix
The Current Status of Environmental Criteria for Hydropower Development in the Mekong Region: A litterature compilation EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This volume outlines the technical basis and background information to the formulation of follow up activities conducted by the consulting team for the Asian Development Bank (ADB), Mekong River Commission (MRC), SENSA-SIDA and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) on environmental criteria for hydropower development in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). Aspects considered are presented under three broad themes: the current status of hydropower development in the GMS, the planning and policy context for hydropower in the GMS and environmental criteria used in the region and internationally for hydropower development. What is the status of hydropower in the GMS? Country profiles highlight the planning context and features of the national power planning systems in the six GMS countries. The profiles are by no means comprehensive, but they aim to illustrate a possible focus and some of the challenges in incorporating environment criteria for hydropower development into the national power planning systems. Cambodia’s energy supply system is characterized as a highly fragmented electric power network supplied mainly by diesel generators, providing power to only about 15% of households. There is no national grid linking the cities and secondary towns and the high cost of imported diesel makes the cost of electricity in Cambodia the highest in the GMS. Cambodia has a theoretical hydropower potential of 10,000 MW but installed capacity of only 160 MW, projected to increase to 500 MW by 2010. Lao PDR’s power system is slightly more advanced with 41% of households electrified and the lowest tariffs in the GMS. Of the four lower Mekong basin countries, Lao PDR has the greatest potential for hydropower development (13,000 MW) within the Mekong Basin and could become a power hub for Thailand and Viet Nam (and the ASEAN power grid). Viet Nam is important in the GMS both as a hydropower developer and potential importer. Hydropower potential is estimated to be about 20,600 MW across the Mekong and other rivers, of which 4,200 MW, or 20% has been developed to date. Currently Viet Nam has more than 50 hydropower stations in operation (10 on tributaries of the Mekong River) and up to 13,000 MW of additional hydropower stations is planned by 2020. Electricity demand has been growing at a rate of 13-15% per annum and almost 70% of households have power. A rural electrification program aims at 76% of rural households by 2010. Viet Nam is an importer of electricity from PRC, Cambodia and Lao PDR and is moving towards a domestic competitive market in stages. Thailand is an important importer of GMS hydropower and a potential hub for the ASEAN power grid into Malaysia and beyond. Out of a total generating capacity of x
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Stakeholder Category Dam developers
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GMS Countries GMS Countries Policy
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Environmental Criteria for Hydropower in the Mekong Region - WWF

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