Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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List of Figures 2.1 Flowchart illustrating the tropical cyclone wind time series model and the difference between point-in-time and time-stepping methods. . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 Overview of the tropical cyclone wind time series model. . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.3 Sample simulated wind speed time series and wind angle time series. . . . . 21 2.4 Wind speed and wind angle time records during Hurricane Katrina and Wilma. 23 2.5 Four selected pressure coefficients with respect to wind angle. . . . . . . . . 27 2.6 Cumulative distributions of the maximum wind load and the approximated maximum wind load generated from the simulated wind time series for cat- egory 5 tropical cyclones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.7 Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics comparing the maximum wind load and the approximated maximum wind load. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.8 Percentage differences between the probabilities of failure and the approximated probabilities of failure for normally distributed resistances. . . . . . . 35 2.9 Percentage differences between the probabilities of failure and the approximated probabilities of failure for lognormally distributed resistances. . . . . 36 3.1 Unfolded view of baseline structures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.2 Component and cladding external pressure zones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 3.3 Flowchart of system damage simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 x
LIST OF FIGURES xi 3.4 Distributions of internal pressure coefficient and building envelope damage of baseline structure B under a 150-mph wind towards the structure’s front face. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.5 Distributions of internal pressure coefficient and building envelope damage of baseline structure B under a 150-mph wind towards the structure’s front face. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.6 Roof panel vulnerability curves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 3.7 Maximum percentage increase in mean roof damage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 3.8 Percentage differences between the average roof damages over four cardinal wind directions and the average roof damage of baseline structure C without windborne debris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 4.1 Eight nominal angles of wind incidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.2 Three dimensional rendering of residential structure models. . . . . . . . . . 74 4.3 Flowchart of the component-based pressure damage model. . . . . . . . . . 76 4.4 Flowchart of the integrated vulnerability model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4.5 Vulnerability of a hip-roof concrete house at four different wind speeds. . . 84 4.6 Vulnerability of a hip-roof concrete house under 200-mph at three different wind directions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4.7 Three-dimensional view of a hypothetical residential development. . . . . . 86 4.8 Estimated damage condition of each individual house in the hypothetical residential development under a wind speed of 65 m/s at a 45-degree angle. 87 4.9 Comparison of subassembly and overall damage ratios with and without con- sideration of windborne debris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 4.10 (a) Illustration of two neighboring houses. (b) Breakdown of overall damage ratio of structure A versus resistance factor of structure B. . . . . . . . . . 89
Page 1 and 2: Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Man
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Rising hurricane damages o
Page 5 and 6: me, has given me countless fun time
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS vii 2.2.4 Mean Boundary La
Page 9: CONTENTS ix 5.3 Hazard model . . .
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES xiii 5.12 Examples
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 Overview Chapter 1 Introduction
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1. Introduction 3 fessions
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1. Introduction 5 Table 1.3
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1. Introduction 7 Between 7
Page 23 and 24: 1.2.4 Recent Developments Chapter 1
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1. Introduction 11 of low-r
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2 Structural Components and
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2. Structural Components an
Page 31 and 32: (deg) V (m/s) 60 40 20 0 180 90 0 9
Page 49 and 50: NEGATIVE WALL PRESSURE (COV = 0.509
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 3. Internal Pressure in Low
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design guidelines. Chapter 3. Inter
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3.4.3 Eurocode Chapter 3. Internal
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Chapter 3. Internal Pressure in Low
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Wind Speed & Wind Direction Chapter
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(a) STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 (b) STEP 1
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Mean Loss Ratio WITHOUT WINDBORNE D
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Maximum Percentage Increase in Mean
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3.8 Discussion Chapter 3. Internal
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Chapter 4 Integrated Multi-Structur
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Chapter 4. Integrated Multi-Structu
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LEGEND Roof sheathing onnection ind
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DAMAGE ANALYIS USING MAXIMUM WIND V
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Chapter 5. Long-Term Risk Assessmen
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(a) Change in Mean Frequency / Year
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(a) Change in Mean Frequency / Year
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simulated. Chapter 5. Long-Term Ris
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Percentage Change in Mean Frequency
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Expected Total Structural Damage Co
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Structural Damage Ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0
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Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Wo
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Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future W
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Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future W
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Bibliography American Meteorologica
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 131 Federal Emergency
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 133 over the gulf of S
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 Lin, N., Vanmarcke
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 137 Rosowsky, D. and C
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 Vanmarcke, E., Lin
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Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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