Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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Chapter 1. Introduction 12 are subjected to quasi-static wind load. A majority of this dissertation is devoted to the estimation of the structural damage of one-story residential structure. 1.4 Organization of Dissertation This dissertation is constituted of two parts. The first part studies the vulnerability of residential structures in individual wind events, starting from building components to structural systems and residential communities. First, the effect of wind directionality on the vulnerability of building components is studied (Chapter 2). Using a numerical tropical cyclone wind time series model, the study contrasts the difference in damage predictions between time series analysis and point-in-time analysis during a storm passage. Then, the interac- tion between different building components is investigated in the risk assessment of low-rise structures (Chapter 3). Different internal pressure adjustment methods and their effects on the loss estimation are compared. The last module presents an integrated vulnerability model that considers the interplay between pressure damage and wind-borne debris impact, and applies the model to the damage estimation of a community of residential structures (Chapter 4). The second part of the dissertation moves the focus from individual wind events to the long term risk assessment of structures. The results of structural vulnerability in individual wind events are applied to estimation of life-cycle cost of structures under different climate change scenarios (Chapter 5). A non-stationary stochastic pro- cess is developed to simulate the long-term wind climate. The wind results are applied to two vulnerability models to illustrate the possible effects of climate change on the mean and standard deviation of future repair cost. The end of the dissertation summarizes the findings, draws conclusions, and outlines areas of future work (Chapter 6).
Chapter 2 Structural Components and Wind Directionality 2.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on the effect of varying wind directionality on structural damage in individual tropical cyclone events. During a tropical cyclone event, a structure is exposed to winds from different directions as the cyclone moves along its track. The greater the variation in wind directionality, the wider the structure’s angle of exposure to windward wind. (“Windward” is the direction from which the wind is blowing at a given time, while “leeward” is the direction downwind from the point of reference.) If windward and leeward winds cause different types or levels of structural damage, this may significantly affect the damage estimation. For instance, more damage can be caused by wind-borne debris if wind directionality changes more, as debris mainly impacts the windward side of the structure (Lin and Vanmarcke, 2010). Moreover, failures of structural components are interdependent. After the initial structural damage, a change in wind direction can significantly affect the subsequent occurrences of damage. This effect of interdependent component failures cannot be quantified reliably without considering the change in wind speed and wind direction over 13
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Maximum Percentage Increase in Mean
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LEGEND Roof sheathing onnection ind
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DAMAGE ANALYIS USING MAXIMUM WIND V
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Chapter 5. Long-Term Risk Assessmen
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simulated. Chapter 5. Long-Term Ris
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Percentage Change in Mean Frequency
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Expected Total Structural Damage Co
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Structural Damage Ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0
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Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Wo
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Bibliography American Meteorologica
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 131 Federal Emergency
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 133 over the gulf of S
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 Lin, N., Vanmarcke
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 137 Rosowsky, D. and C
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 Vanmarcke, E., Lin
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Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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