Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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Chapter 2. Structural Components and Wind Directionality 16 2.2 Tropical-Cyclone Wind Time Series Model 2.2.1 Scope Due to the lack of historical tropical cyclone records, many advanced meteorological models have been developed to simulate wind data for various geographical regions (e.g. Powell et al., 2005; Vickery et al., 2000). They tend to be computationally expensive to solve, and their solutions, typically in the form of a two-dimensional time-dependent field, provide much more information than is needed for the purpose of structural damage estimation, in particular in this study. A geographically non-specific parametric model that reasonably approximates the results of the wind field equations at a single location is judged most suitable for use in this study. Figure 2.2 indicates the methodology involved. 2.2.2 Tropical Cyclone Properties First, the intensity and the spatial scale of the tropical cyclone are sampled. These are measured by three parameters: (1) the translational speed of the storm, Vt, namely the speed at which the tropical cyclone is moving along the earth surface; (2) the central pressure difference, ∆P , being the difference between atmospheric pressures at the center of the storm and at the periphery; and (3) the radius of maximum winds, Rmax, which is the distance from the storm center to the locations of maximum wind speed. Models have been suggested for the probability distributions of these parameters (Geor- giou 1985; Vickery and Twisdale 1995a). In this study, we adopt the simple probability distributions used by Iman et al. (2002), which are not specific to any geographic region; each of the three parameters (Vt, ∆P and Rmax) is characterized by a triangular distribution and the parameters are assumed to be statistically independent. The distributions are defined for each of the Saffir-Simpson hurricane categories 1, 3 and 5 in the study by Iman et al. (2002), according to which the parameters of the probability distributions are
(deg) V (m/s) 60 40 20 0 180 90 0 90 Storm Track Chapter 2. Structural Components and Wind Directionality 17 Structure Location SETUP s d(t) t (hr) Storm Center Position at t !(t) 180 0 5 10 15 20 t (hr) d (km) (deg) V env (m/s) V tan (m/s) V rad (m/s) RELATIVE POSITION BETWEEN STORM CENTER AND STRUCTURE 400 200 0 180 90 0 90 t (hr) 180 0 5 10 15 20 t (hr) WIND VELOCITY TIME SERIES WIND COMPONENTS 50 0 50 50 0 50 50 0 5 10 15 t (hr) 5 10 15 t (hr) 50 0 5 10 t (hr) 15 20 Figure 2.2: Overview of the tropical cyclone wind time series model. The two upper subfigures illustrate the methodology of determining distance d(t) and relative angle φ(t) between the structure and the storm center over time. Based on d(t) and φ(t), the three tropical cyclone wind components: environmental wind (Venv), storm-scale tangential wind (Vtan) and storm-scale radial wind (Vrad) are computed, as shown in the lower right subfigure. The sum of these components is the wind velocity timer series in the lower left subfigure.
Page 1 and 2: Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Man
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Rising hurricane damages o
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3.8 Discussion Chapter 3. Internal
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Chapter 4 Integrated Multi-Structur
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LEGEND Roof sheathing onnection ind
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DAMAGE ANALYIS USING MAXIMUM WIND V
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Chapter 5. Long-Term Risk Assessmen
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(a) Change in Mean Frequency / Year
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(a) Change in Mean Frequency / Year
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simulated. Chapter 5. Long-Term Ris
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Percentage Change in Mean Frequency
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Expected Total Structural Damage Co
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Structural Damage Ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0
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Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Wo
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Bibliography American Meteorologica
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 131 Federal Emergency
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 133 over the gulf of S
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 Lin, N., Vanmarcke
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 137 Rosowsky, D. and C
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 Vanmarcke, E., Lin
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Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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