Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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NEGATIVE WALL PRESSURE (COV = 0.509) POSITIVE WALL PRESSURE (COV = 0.977) Chapter 2. Structural Components and Wind Directionality 30 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 K-S Statistic 0.3 0.2 K-S Statistic 0.1 0.1 0 All Records |s| – Rmax < 0 |s| – Rmax ! 0 EXTERNAL PRESSURE AT ROOF NEAR- EDGE ROOF NEAR-EDGE EXTERNAL (COV PRESSURE = 0.093) 0.5 (COV = 0.093) 0 All Records |s| – Rmax < 0 |s| – Rmax ! 0 EXTERNAL PRESSURE AT ROOF CORNER (COV = 0.200) 0.5 0.5 LEGEND 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 Category 1 Category 3 0.2 K-S Statistic 0.3 0.2 K-S Statistic 0.3 Category 5 0.1 0.2 0 K-S Statistic |s| – Rmax ! 0 All Records |s| – Rmax < 0 0.1 0.1 0 0 All Records |s| – Rmax < 0 |s| – Rmax ! 0 All Records |s| – Rmax < 0 |s| – Rmax ! 0 Figure 2.7: Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics comparing the maximum wind load (Smax) (obtained from time-stepping method) and the approximated maximum wind load (S∗ ) (obtained from point-in-time method).
Chapter 2. Structural Components and Wind Directionality 31 A detailed analysis is conducted to examine how the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic changes under different conditions. The results of the analysis are illustrated in Figure 2.7. First, we are interested in how the pressure coefficient function affects the results. The variation of pressure coefficient with respect to wind angle is quantified by the coefficient of variation, which is shown in the title of each plot in Figure 2.7. The plots show a very high correlation between the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic and the coefficient of variation of the pressure coefficients, confirming that the variation in the pressure coefficient, indicative of the sensitivity of wind pressure to wind angle, is one of the main sources of inaccuracy of the point-in-time approach. Second, we are interested in the effect of tropical cyclone track location on the results. For here we categorize all the wind time series into two types, depending on whether the location of the structure is ever inside the radius of maximum wind Rmax of a tropical cyclone. This condition may be indicated by the difference between |s| and Rmax: 1. |s| − Rmax < 0 The tropical cyclone track is close enough to the structure, so the latter is within Rmax for a period of time. The wind speed series is likely to be M-shaped and the change in wind angle is abrupt, as shown in Figure 2.4b. 2. |s| − Rmax ≥ 0 The structure is never inside Rmax. The wind speed series is likely to be bell-shaped and the change in wind angle is more gradual, as shown in Figure 2.4a. Note that |s| − Rmax is not a precise parameter that unambiguously indicates whether a wind speed time series has a M-shape, owing to the asymmetry of the tropical cyclone structure (higher wind speed on the left side and lower wind speed on the right side in the Northern hemisphere). For example, if the structure is to the left of the cyclone path and is inside Rmax, the trend of the wind speed time series may not show any M-shape.
Page 1 and 2: Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Man
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Rising hurricane damages o
Page 5 and 6: me, has given me countless fun time
Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS vii 2.2.4 Mean Boundary La
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS ix 5.3 Hazard model . . .
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES xi 3.4 Distribution
Page 13 and 14: LIST OF FIGURES xiii 5.12 Examples
Page 15 and 16: 1.1 Overview Chapter 1 Introduction
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1. Introduction 3 fessions
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1. Introduction 5 Table 1.3
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1. Introduction 7 Between 7
Page 23 and 24: 1.2.4 Recent Developments Chapter 1
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1. Introduction 11 of low-r
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Chapter 4. Integrated Multi-Structu
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LEGEND Roof sheathing onnection ind
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DAMAGE ANALYIS USING MAXIMUM WIND V
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Chapter 5. Long-Term Risk Assessmen
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(a) Change in Mean Frequency / Year
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(a) Change in Mean Frequency / Year
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simulated. Chapter 5. Long-Term Ris
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Percentage Change in Mean Frequency
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Expected Total Structural Damage Co
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Structural Damage Ratio 1 0.9 0.8 0
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Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Wo
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Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future W
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Chapter 6. Conclusions and Future W
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Bibliography American Meteorologica
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 131 Federal Emergency
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 133 over the gulf of S
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 135 Lin, N., Vanmarcke
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 137 Rosowsky, D. and C
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 139 Vanmarcke, E., Lin
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Wind Hazard Risk Assessment and Management for Structures

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