coagulants of moringa oleifera lam. seeds purification ... - EPFL

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HPLC of Extract prepared Preparative Multiple Salt Solution from M.oleifera press cake. . . . . . 198 with of Fractions for Sequence Analysis Preparation Reverse Phase HPLC of an Extract prepared by Multiple Salts Solution from M.oleifera Press Cake . . . . . 202 with 6 - Scale-up of the Extraction Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Chapter of the Diafiltration Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208 Abbreviations Acids (Single Letter Code) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Amino Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 Curriculum Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 vii
SUMMARY Water has been declared a human right by the United Nations, thus urging countries who have ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights to ensure supply with drinking water for their populations 1 . However, supply of drinking water in developing countries underlies different constraints than those met in industrialized countries. An example is the dependency on treatment chemicals that may pose problems in these countries regarding importation and distribution 2 . In pioneering work in the Darfur region (Sudan) S.A.A. Jahn has instructed rural people how to use local natural coagulants, that had been used traditionally by parts of the population, for the preparation of water for household use with special emphasis on the seeds of the Moringa oleifera tree 3 . The implementation of water supply for the population on the other hand demands centralized water treatment for villages and cities and thus traditional techniques will reach their limitations. The present work tries to identify and characterise the coagulating principle present in the seeds and press-cake of M.oleifera, in order to produce quantities of a standardized coagulant that could be used in small treatment works. Therefore, different extraction methods, reported in the literature, are compared regarding extraction efficiency and composition. All extracts contained a large proteinaceous moiety, which differed from proteins described before as Mo 2.1 (flocculating proteins 4 ) in the way that two proteins were detected under reducing conditions, both not co-migrating with a synthetic protein having the amino acid sequence of Mo 2.1. Moreover a different group of proteins with higher molecular weight was only present during the first two days of storage of the liquid extract. An optimized extraction procedure is presented, resulting in a total protein yield of 40g/L. Separation of proteinaceous components present in the seed and press-cake extracts lead to the determination of relative molecular masses of two protein components present (4 and 8 kDa) which form a 12 kDa heterodimer under non-reducing conditions, such as those found in the raw extracts. Further evidence is presented that the number of different proteins present in the UN, Substantive issues arising in the implementation of the international covenant on economic, social 1. cultural rights. 2002, United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Committee on Economic, and and Cultural Rights. Social Folkard, G. and J. Sutherland, Development of a naturally derived coagulant for water and wastewater 2. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply, 2002. 2(5-6): p. 89-94. treatment. Jahn, S.A.A., Proper use of African natural coagulants for rural water supplies research in the Sudan 3. a guide for new projects. 1986, Eschborn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit. and S. 541 Gassenschmidt, U., et al., Isolation and Characterization of a Flocculating Protein from Moringa- 4. Lam. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-General Subjects, 1995. 1243(3): p. 477-481. Oleifera ix
Page 1 and 2: COAGULANTS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM.
Page 3 and 4: iv Reverse Phase Chromatography . .
Page 5: vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Wasser ist von den

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