phytotaxa - Magnolia Press

More documents

Recommendations

Info

However, there is evidence that in at least one species, D. interjectus, recurved spines appear to have been secondarily derived from straight spines. Such reversals complicate phylogenetic reconstruction. A second problem in phylogenetic reconstruction is found in choice of outgroups. If more evidence of the potential of morphology to mislead is needed, it is found in generic relationships. Desmoncus is placed in the subfamily Arecoideae, tribe Cocoseae, subtribe Bactridinae (Dransfield et al. 2008). The Bactridinae contains five genera (Acrocomia, Aiphanes, Astrocaryum, Bactris, and Desmoncus). Recently Eiserhardt et al. (2011) have proposed that Desmoncus and Acrocomia are sister genera. Such a relationship would never be postulated based on morphology; in fact Desmoncus appears most dissimilar to Acrocomia and most similar to Bactris. The final point in considering phylogeny based on morphology is that the leaf structure of Desmoncus is so different from potential outgroups (e.g., Acrocomia) that it is not possible to polarize character states. For these reasons, phylogenetic reconstruction based on morphological data is not attempted here. Taxonomic Treatment Desmoncus Martius (1824: 20) Type:—Desmoncus polyacanthos Martius. Atitara Barrère ex Kuntze (1891: 726). Type:—Atitara polyacantha (Martius) Kuntze. Stems solitary, or clustered. Leaf rachis spines usually >1 cm long, mostly adaxial or lateral, straight with briefly swollen bases, or rachis spines usually
own tomentose, sparsely to densely covered with long, straight or sinuous, briefly swollen-based, diagonally or vertically oriented spines, these flattened or triangular in cross-section, whitish-brown proximally, black or brown distally, with tomentose margins (rarely without spines), or peduncular bracts broad, the surfaces ridged, brown tomentose, sparsely to densely covered with short, recurved, markedly swollen-based, diagonally oriented spines, these triangular in cross-section, whitish-brown proximally, brown distally, with tomentose margins (rarely without spines), or peduncular bracts narrow, elongate, ribbed, scarcely brown tomentose, without spines (rarely with few spines), or peduncular bracts broad, ridged, densely covered with short, straight, swollen-based, vertically oriented spines, these terete, whitish-brown proximally, brown distally, without tomentum, or peduncular bracts broad, ribbed, densely brown tomentose, without spines (very rarely with a few spines), or; peduncular bracts broad, ribbed or ridged, densely covered with felty, reddish-brown tomentum, sparsely covered with short, scarcely swollen-based, diagonally oriented, flattened spines, whitish-brown proximally, brown distally, with tomentose margins, or peduncular bracts broad, ribbed with several more prominent, lighter colored ribs, brown, scarcely or not tomentose, without spines (rarely with a few spines), or peduncular bracts narrow, ribbed, densely whitish-brown tomentose, not spiny, or peduncular bracts broad, the surfaces ribbed or ridged, brown tomentose or glabrous, sparsely to moderately covered with short, straight or sinuous, briefly swollen-based, diagonally or vertically oriented spines, these flattened or triangular in cross-section, whitish-brown proximally, black or brown distally, with tomentose margins, or peduncular bracts broad, the surfaces deeply ridged, dark brown tomentose, sparsely covered with long, straight or sinuous spines, the bases scarcely swollen but running directly into the ridges of the bract and lying flat against the bract surface, flattened in cross-section, brown proximally and distally, with tomentose margins; rachillae brown tomentose initially, or rachillae glabrous or scarcely tomentose initially; stamens five to seven, or stamens eight to 12; fruit surfaces uneven with numerous, subepidermal, short, often branching (Y-shaped) fibers, or fruit surfaces smooth, without any apparent subepidermal fibers, or fruit surfaces uneven with numerous, subepidermal, long, branching fibers, or fruit surfaces bumpy from numerous, subepidermal, short, oblique fibers; fruiting corollas less than one quarter as long as fruits, or fruiting corollas to half as long as fruits; fruiting corollas splitting irregularly into 3 lobes, the lobes often splitting again, or fruiting corollas not or scarcely splitting, tending to remain cupular; endocarps globose to obovoid with rounded or slightly peaked apices, the pores lateral, or endocarps narrowly ellipsoid with rounded apices, the pores lateral, or endocarps broadly obovoid with flattened apices, the pores lateral on or near flattened apices, or endocarps ovoid to obovoid with prominent, peaked apices, the pores lateral. Key to the species of Desmoncus 1 Mexico and Central America ...................................................................................................................................... 2 - South America, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Lesser Antilles .................................................................................. 10 2 Pinnae with long, filiform apices; cirri absent, the rachis terminating beyond the distalmost, opposite pair of pinnae in a
Page 1 and 2: Phytotaxa 35: 1-88 (2011) www.mapre
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents Abstract . . . .
Page 5 and 6: Species delimited under the PSC fun
Page 7 and 8: Environmental variation Linear regr
Page 9 and 10: A REVISION OF DESMONCUS (ARECACEAE)
Page 15: Plants of Desmoncus are monoecious
Page 19 and 20: any apparent subepidermal fibers ..
Page 21 and 22: specimen (Cook 53) from the same lo
Page 23 and 24: Taxonomic notes:—Desmoncus gigant
Page 25 and 26: Inflorescences peduncular bracts 30
Page 27 and 28: Distribution and habitat:—From 0
Page 29 and 30: latisectus has narrower stems, shor
Page 31 and 32: 11. Desmoncus madrensis Henderson,
Page 33 and 34: and in Martius (1823-1837) as “fl
Page 35 and 36: Leaf sheaths densely and finely spi
Page 37 and 38: with a well-developed axillary pulv
Page 39 and 40: 16. Desmoncus osensis Henderson, sp
Page 41 and 42: arranged rachillae, each rachilla s
Page 43 and 44: acts and are referred to the ulei m
Page 45 and 46: Two specimens (dos Santos 75, Rabel
Page 47 and 48: or dense tomentum; basal pinna 13.1
Page 49 and 50: Regnum Vegetabile 120: 1-693. Isnar
Page 51 and 52: tomentose margins (rarely without s
Page 53 and 54: Appendix III. Excluded Names This l
Page 55 and 56: Desmoncus setosus var. mitescens Dr
Page 57 and 58: Appendix IV, Plate 2. A REVISION OF
Page 61 and 62: Appendix IV, Plates 6-12. Isotype o
Page 65 and 66: Appendix IV, Plate 10. A REVISION O
Page 67 and 68:
Appendix IV, Plate 12. A REVISION O
Page 69 and 70:
Appendix IV, Plate 14. A REVISION O
Page 71 and 72:
Appendix IV, Plate 16. Isotype of D
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix IV, Plates 18-19. Isotype
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix IV, Plates 20-21. Isotype
Page 77 and 78:
Appendix V. Numerical List of Taxa
Page 79 and 80:
Chardon, C. s.n (5.2) Chávez, F. 6
Page 81 and 82:
Henderson, A. 36 (19); 62 (13); 178
Page 83 and 84:
Núñez, P. 10015 (11); 10483 (11);
Page 85 and 86:
Velez, I. 2308 (5.2) Vester, H. 71
Page 87 and 88:
Desmoncus ataxacanthus . . . . . .
show all

phytotaxa - Magnolia Press

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?