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cirri well-developed, with acanthophylls, without spines abaxially, with intermediate acanthophylls present (i.e., distalmost pair of pinnae reflexed as acanthophylls and with swollen bases and/or proximalmost acanthophylls like vestigial pinnae), without a wide gap between pinnae and acanthophylls. Inflorescences with the rachis ridged, not twisted, much thicker than the numerous, closely spaced and spirally or irregularly arranged rachillae, each rachilla not or only briefly adnate to the rachis, subtended by an acute bracteole and with a well-developed axillary pulvinus; peduncles 8.8(7.8–10.6) mm wide; peduncular bracts 48.5 cm long, broad, the surfaces ribbed, brown tomentose, densely covered with long, straight or sinuous, briefly swollenbased, diagonally or vertically oriented spines, these flattened or triangular in cross-section, whitish-brown proximally, black or brown distally, with tomentose margins; rachillae 21(20–22), glabrous or scarcely tomentose initially; proximal rachillae 18.5(17.5–19.5) cm long, 2.5(2.1–2.9) mm wide; stamens 12; fruits 25.1(23.9–27.4) mm long, 21.7(20.1–24.1) mm wide, the surfaces bumpy from numerous, subepidermal, short, oblique fibers; fruiting corollas less than one quarter as long as fruits, splitting irregularly into 3 lobes, the lobes often splitting again; endocarps obovoid with rounded apices, the pores lateral. Distribution and habitat:—From 9°17’–9°21’N and 78°55’–79°47’W in central Panama at 270(150– 425) m elevation in lowland rainforest (Fig. 7). Taxonomic notes:—Desmoncus kunarius is characterized by its large size and unusually large fruits. 8. Desmoncus latisectus Burret (1934: 215). Lectotype (here designated):—BOLIVIA. Beni: Trinidad, Missiones Guarayos, 300 m, September 1926, E. Werdermann 2508 (S!, isolectotype MO!; the holotype in B was destroyed). Desmoncus kuhlmannii Burret (1938: 267). Lectotype (here designated):—BOLIVIA. Beni: Riberalta, 28 November 1923, J. Kuhlmann 522 (R!; the holotype of B was destroyed). Plants 2.8(2.0–4.0) m tall; stems 0.9(0.5–1.4) cm diameter. Leaf petioles 2.0(1.0–3.0) cm long; rachises 34.1(29.0–40.0) cm long, 3.1(2.2–3.8) mm wide, the spines usually
latisectus has narrower stems, shorter petioles, narrower rachises, fewer divisions, narrower basal pinnae), and their habitat also appears different. Desmoncus latisectus grows mostly at lower elevations in northeastern Bolivia in savanna-forest margins, whereas D. leptoclonos grows at higher elevations in gallery forest in the Cerrado in Brazil and Paraguay. 9. Desmoncus leptoclonos Drude (1881: 315). Atitara leptoclona (Drude) Barbosa Rodrigues, 1902: 76. Type:—BRAZIL. Goiás: between Goiás and Cuiabá, November–December 1844, H. Weddell 2900 (holotype P!). Plants 4.6(1.0–10.0) m tall; stems 1.3(0.9–1.9) cm diameter, clustered. Leaf petioles 3.4(1.0–6.0) cm long; rachises 47.9(17.0–77.0) cm long, 5.7(4.2–7.5) mm wide, the spines usually
Page 1 and 2: Phytotaxa 35: 1-88 (2011) www.mapre
Page 3 and 4: Table of contents Abstract . . . .
Page 5 and 6: Species delimited under the PSC fun
Page 7 and 8: Environmental variation Linear regr
Page 9 and 10: A REVISION OF DESMONCUS (ARECACEAE)
Page 15 and 16: Plants of Desmoncus are monoecious
Page 17 and 18: own tomentose, sparsely to densely
Page 19 and 20: any apparent subepidermal fibers ..
Page 21 and 22: specimen (Cook 53) from the same lo
Page 23 and 24: Taxonomic notes:—Desmoncus gigant
Page 25 and 26: Inflorescences peduncular bracts 30
Page 27: Distribution and habitat:—From 0
Page 31 and 32: 11. Desmoncus madrensis Henderson,
Page 33 and 34: and in Martius (1823-1837) as “fl
Page 35 and 36: Leaf sheaths densely and finely spi
Page 37 and 38: with a well-developed axillary pulv
Page 39 and 40: 16. Desmoncus osensis Henderson, sp
Page 41 and 42: arranged rachillae, each rachilla s
Page 43 and 44: acts and are referred to the ulei m
Page 45 and 46: Two specimens (dos Santos 75, Rabel
Page 47 and 48: or dense tomentum; basal pinna 13.1
Page 49 and 50: Regnum Vegetabile 120: 1-693. Isnar
Page 51 and 52: tomentose margins (rarely without s
Page 53 and 54: Appendix III. Excluded Names This l
Page 55 and 56: Desmoncus setosus var. mitescens Dr
Page 57 and 58: Appendix IV, Plate 2. A REVISION OF
Page 61 and 62: Appendix IV, Plates 6-12. Isotype o
Page 65 and 66: Appendix IV, Plate 10. A REVISION O
Page 71 and 72: Appendix IV, Plate 16. Isotype of D
Page 73 and 74: Appendix IV, Plates 18-19. Isotype
Page 75 and 76: Appendix IV, Plates 20-21. Isotype
Page 77 and 78: Appendix V. Numerical List of Taxa
Page 79 and 80:
Chardon, C. s.n (5.2) Chávez, F. 6
Page 81 and 82:
Henderson, A. 36 (19); 62 (13); 178
Page 83 and 84:
Núñez, P. 10015 (11); 10483 (11);
Page 85 and 86:
Velez, I. 2308 (5.2) Vester, H. 71
Page 87 and 88:
Desmoncus ataxacanthus . . . . . .
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