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Chapter I; Inlroduction The focus ofthis thesis is the development ofan experimental approach to understanding the Late PrecontactlEarly Historic Inuit ground stone technology from the achvak Village site in Northern Labrador (Figure 1.1). For the purposes ofthis thesis, technology refers to "all activity that occurs during the life histories ofartifacts" (Schiffer 2001 :3). This involves the technical knowledge and practice associated with raw material procurement and artifact manufacture. use and discard. My research objectives include characterizing the ground stone production process at achvak and then using experimental archaeology to elaborate on how the tools would have been produced. The Nachvak Village site (lgCx-3) is a winter site consisting of fiflccn semi-sublerranean houses dating to the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries A.D. (Whitridge 2004). The ground stone tools from IgCx-3 were recovered from four house and IWO middens spanning the Late Precontact and Early Historic Inuit period. Before discussing the merits ofthe experimental approach it is important to address the inherent problems associated with attempting to understand archaic technologies. The first problem is that technology is inexorably bound up with other fonns of "cultural baggage" (Dobres 2001 :53). The reasons for making a tool a certain way are based on years of tradition. which slowly change over time. Prehistoric tool makers had different sets of life experiences. social obligations. and social and cultural knowledge. which affected the tools they produced. Being totally engrossed in a culture
Figure 1.1: Nachvak Village (lgCx-3) site location (Whilridgc 2004). Labrador Sea
Page 5: An Experimental Approach to Inuit G
Page 8 and 9: I would also like to thank the fiel
Page 10 and 11: Table of Conlenls Abstract Acknowle
Page 12 and 13: 4.2.4 Finished tools 4.3 Conclusion
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables Table 1.1: Examples
Page 16 and 17: Figure 4.28: Large adze blades from
Page 21 and 22: past. Such experimentation may also
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 7 establishes a link betwee
Page 25 and 26: Practicing a "modified maritime ada
Page 27 and 28: By the time the Inuit came to Labra
Page 29 and 30: chipped stone tools were formed wit
Page 31 and 32: smaller than their slate counterpar
Page 33 and 34: may be possible to eventually pinpo
Page 35: Peter Whitridge from Memorial Unive
Page 40 and 41: Table 2.1: Breakdown of 2003-2006 e
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 3: Theorelical Framework Th
Page 45 and 46: While following the described produ
Page 47 and 48: manufacture. While some stress the
Page 49: 3.4 Cognition and the Constellation
Page 53 and 54: Fitzhugh 1980). The Inuit propensit
Page 55: The drilling technique required to
Page 58 and 59: additional thought processes that m
Page 60 and 61: Chapler 4: Ground Stone Tool Descri
Page 63 and 64: ,_ manufacturing anvil 0.0 0.0 0.0
Page 67 and 68: 4. I. I. I Weapon Blades Weapon bla
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All more or less triangular in shap
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4././.1.2 Lance End Blades Much lar
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distinguished from the harpoon head
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difTerent sizes and styles for difT
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g Figure 4.9: Large uluit, baleen s
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d Figure 4.13: Ground slone blanks
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dry while cutting the whale and hau
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appear too thin and brittle to have
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2001: 142), it also enabled the Inu
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the same time providing a natural i
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z Figure 4.22: Drill bilS, awls and
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technique" (LeMoine 1997:25). This
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Figure 4.29: Alternative use of 'la
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Figure 4.30: Small adze blades, bea
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On average. the nephrite beads are
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Once a portion ofslate is deemed su
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As wilh flintknapping ofcherts and
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4.2./.3 Whelslones The Concise Oxfo
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High numbers of line grained whetst
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4.2.1.3.2 Distribution ojWhetstones
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Whetstones were separated by estima
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While seven slabs of unworked slate
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can reveal much about the manufactu
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smallest, most abundant type of fla
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lade. If found individually. scatte
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Looking at analogous examples of ne
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performing the same function as wat
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incredible toughness and ability to
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1975). Three areas on the island of
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Figure 5.2: Partially worked nephri
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when they are broken from a larger
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show extensive polish on at least o
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available to the tool maker. Recogn
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One ofthe problems that plague expe
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implements. For this initial foray
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mechanical sander was useless. and
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6.4.4. J Experiment 5: Preform Prod
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I was clearly doing something wrong
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pressure was also applied to the wh
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manufacture. Larger nephrite drill
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and used in this test, rather than
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String: The sIring needed to be coa
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I. An initial groove was made in ea
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alternatively the material being wo
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forms, tools and debitage. it is ea
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essentially immutable, namely worki
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products and finished tools shows t
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to finished tool fleshes out the ch
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eventually be able to minimize such
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lithic assemblages. The chaine opCr
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DitTerences in the media being dril
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nephrite use may also lead to a bet
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An experimental approach cannot be
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needed, once again requiring the to
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Dobres, Marcia-Anne 2001 Meaning in
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Jeske. Roben 1992 Energetic Efficie
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Whitridge, Peter 1999 The Construct
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An Experimental Approach to Inuit G
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