Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in ... - ProDelphinus

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Shark Depredation and Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Page 8 Weight size and location Variable, usually none Hook type J and some circle hooks of various sizes Bait type Squid, pilchards, jack mackerel, yellowtail, scad, anchovy, redbait, blue and other mackerel, tooth whiptails, and redfish. (Live bait =11%) None when targeting mahi, weighted swivels when target sharks J 0,1,2,3 (10 o offset) Sardine, mackerel and flying fish 60 g at connecti on of mainline and float line J17 Ancora (no offset) J18 Ancora (no offset or 10 o offset) 80 g at connectio n of mainline and float line, and 65-76 g swivel at top of leader J Mustad 9 (10 o offset) Squid and mackerel Sardine, pilchard Not known None None for mahi mahi; 46.2 g swivels located about 67 cm from the hook used in the shark season Not known J, Mustad (eye) 0-1 Frozen mackerel Mustad #2, #3, #4 J hooks 10 degree offset Squid, mackerel, flying fish 60-80 g 2 m from hook J, size not available 90% squid, 10% mix of pilchard and mackerel 45-80 g within 1 m of the hook Japan tuna 3.6 ring hook, 14/0, 15/0, and 16/0 circle hooks with 10 degree offset Frozen mackerel, saury, sardine 0 to 80 g 5 to 7 m from hook (midpoint of the branch line) 18/0 circle hooks with a 10 degree offset Frozen mackerel, saury, sardine (squid is prohibited) 1 Since 2004 there has been an annual fishery-wide cap of 2,120 sets or until caps on turtle interactions are reached, whichever cap is reached first. In 2006 the fishery reached a cap on loggerhead sea turtles after 3 months. From 1991-2001 vessels targeting swordfish or a combination of swordfish and yellowfin tuna made a mean of 11.8 trips per year.
Page 9 Shark Depredation and Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Chapter 3 Shark Catch Rates and Disposition Table 3.1 summarizes the disposition of caught sharks for fisheries included in the study where this information is available. As discussed below, several of these entries are based on limited data from small sample sizes. For the Japan distant water, offshore and nearshore longline fisheries, the shark catch rates reported in Table 3.1 are based on logbook data. These data are thus the number of sharks that are recorded in vessel logbooks but these figures’ relationship to the actual number of sharks hooked and retained is expected to vary with logbook recording behavior (Clarke, this volume; Nakano and Clarke, 2006). The Italy Mediterranean large-scale longline swordfish fishery is the only fishery included in this study where there is a lack of a local market for shark fins, and as a result, fishers do not fin sharks (Piovano, this volume). The shark catch rates for the two Chile fisheries included in Table 3.1 are estimated from fisher interviews (Alfaro-Shigueto et al., this volume). Shark catch rates reported in the literature for the Chile longline swordfish fishery and artisanal longline mahi mahi and shark fishery are available only in weight per unit of effort (0.36 kg/hk and 0.28 kg/hk, respectively, 2005 (Barria and Donoso, 2006)), and not as number of sharks per unit of effort. In both fisheries, almost all caught sharks are retained (Alfaro-Shigueto et al., this volume). Blue and mako sharks are the main shark species caught. Carcasses and fins are usually retained, however, sometimes fins of blue sharks are only retained and carcasses are discarded, and occasionally sharks are released alive because they are small or to avoid contaminating the non-shark catch in the hold. For the Chile artisanal longline fishery during the mahi mahi season, vessels only retain shark carcasses that are caught during the last sets of a trip and only if space is available in the vessel hold. If the shark catch rate is high, blue shark carcasses may be discarded to make room for move valuable mako shark carcasses. For the Fiji longline tuna fishery, observer data from 1999 and 2002 to 2005 show that 78 - 90% of caught sharks were finned and the carcasses discarded (Secretariat of the Pacific Community unpublished data reported in Thomson, this volume). Statistics reported in Table 3.1 for the Peru artisanal longline mahi mahi and shark fishery are based on 2004 - 2006 onboard observer data taken only during the mahi mahi season from four ports for a total of 27 trips and 197 sets (Pro Delphinus, unpublished data; Mangel and Alfaro-Shigueto, this volume). The Peru artisanal longline fishery is similar to the Chile artisanal longline fishery in that almost all caught sharks are retained primarily for the sale of both their fins and meat (Mangel and Alfaro-Shigueto, this volume). Of 188 observed caught sharks, 30 were discarded (all released alive after retrieval of terminal tackle), 146 were retained whole, and fins only of 12 were retained (Pro Delphinus, unpublished data). Some fishers discard sharks smaller than about 50 cm long only when the shark is alive when hauled to the vessel (Mangel and Alfaro-Shigueto, this volume).
Page 1 and 2: Shark Depredation and Unwanted Byca
Page 3 and 4: Page 2 Shark Depredation and Unwant
Page 5 and 6: Page i Shark Depredation and Bycatc
Page 7 and 8: Page iii Shark Depredation and Byca
Page 9 and 10: Page v Shark Depredation and Bycatc
Page 11 and 12: Page vii Shark Depredation and Byca
Page 13 and 14: Page ix Shark Depredation and Bycat
Page 15 and 16: Page 1 Shark Depredation and Bycatc
Page 21: Page 7 Shark Depredation and Bycatc
Page 25 and 26: Page 11 Shark Depredation and Bycat
Page 55 and 56: Appendix 1, Australia Page 41 Of th
Page 57 and 58: Appendix 1, Australia Page 43 A1.4.
Page 59 and 60: Appendix 1, Australia Page 45 Tuna
Page 61 and 62: Appendix 1, Australia Page 47 fins,
Page 63 and 64: Appendix 1, Australia Page 49 to ma
Page 65 and 66: Appendix 1, Australia Page 51 alter
Page 67 and 68: Appendix 1, Australia Page 53 influ
Page 69 and 70: Appendix 1, Australia Page 55 Of th
Page 71 and 72: Appendix 1, Australia Page 57 Hook
Page 73 and 74:
Appendix 1, Australia Page 59 6. In
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix 1, Australia Page 61 30. D
Page 77 and 78:
Appendix 1, Australia Page 63 been
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix 1, Australia Page 65 The f
Page 81 and 82:
Appendix 1, Australia Page 67 Shott
Page 83 and 84:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 69 Captures
Page 85 and 86:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 71 Landings
Page 87 and 88:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 73 Table A2.
Page 89 and 90:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 75 Fig. A2.5
Page 91 and 92:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 77 A summary
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 79 Prices ar
Page 95 and 96:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 81 Two of th
Page 97 and 98:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 83 A2.14.6.
Page 99 and 100:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 85 Fig. A2.1
Page 101 and 102:
Appendix 2, Chile Page 87 A2.17. Re
Page 103 and 104:
Appendix 3, Fiji Page 89 • Robert
Page 105 and 106:
Appendix 3, Fiji Page 91 The data i
Page 107 and 108:
Appendix 3, Fiji Page 93 Table A3.4
Page 109 and 110:
Appendix 3, Fiji Page 95 A3.7.2. Pr
Page 111 and 112:
Appendix 3, Fiji Page 97 Table A3.1
Page 113 and 114:
Appendix 3, Fiji Page 99 of whale d
Page 115 and 116:
Appendix 4, Italy Page 101 A4.2. Fl
Page 117 and 118:
Appendix 4, Italy Page 103 Branch l
Page 119 and 120:
Appendix 4, Italy Page 105 catch sp
Page 121 and 122:
Appendix 4, Italy Page 107 Table A4
Page 123 and 124:
Appendix 4, Italy Page 109 (many fi
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 111 Appendix
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 113 A5.2. Hi
Page 129 and 130:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 115 SEA SURF
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 117 A5.3.1.
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 119 period (
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 121 Catch ('
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 123 areas du
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 125 When cut
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 127 o Anothe
Page 143 and 144:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 129 the near
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 131 pieces w
Page 147 and 148:
Appendix 5, Japan Page 133 Japanese
Page 149 and 150:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 135 Appendix
Page 151 and 152:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 137 While the
Page 153 and 154:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 139 Pro Delph
Page 155 and 156:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 141 Table A6.
Page 157 and 158:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 143 Revenue f
Page 159 and 160:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 145 of the ma
Page 161 and 162:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 147 Over a th
Page 163 and 164:
Appendix 6, Peru Page 149 Fig. A6.1
Page 165 and 166:
Appendix 7, South Africa Page 151 A
Page 167 and 168:
Appendix 7, South Africa Page 153 N
Page 169 and 170:
Appendix 7, South Africa Page 155 A
Page 171 and 172:
Appendix 7, South Africa Page 157 T
Page 173 and 174:
Appendix 7, South Africa Page 159 t
Page 175 and 176:
Appendix 7, South Africa Page 161 T
Page 177 and 178:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 163 Table A
Page 179 and 180:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 165 Average
Page 181 and 182:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 167 regulat
Page 183 and 184:
Table A8.7. Shark capture statistic
Page 185 and 186:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 171 A8.4. M
Page 187 and 188:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 173 The pot
Page 189 and 190:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 175 A8.7. O
Page 191 and 192:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 177 A8.11.3
Page 193 and 194:
Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 179 Pacific
Page 195 and 196:
Appendix 9, U.S. Atlantic, Gulf of
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217:
Shark Depredation and Bycatch in Pe
show all

Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in ... - ProDelphinus

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?