Shark Depredation and Unwanted Bycatch in ... - ProDelphinus

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Page 24 Shark Depredation and Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries There were some unique and interesting longline industry attitudes towards shark bycatch and depredation that were held by a minority of respondents. One fisherman in the Hawaii-based longline tuna fishery stated his view that sharks are a renewable natural resource, which should be managed for optimal yield as are other commercial marine resources, and that managers should institute a sustainable shark management framework. Likewise, some Australian fishermen questioned why regulations restrict the retention and disposition of sharks but not other bycatch species. Some fishers in the Chile and Peru artisanal mahi mahi and shark longline fisheries explained that during the mahi mahi season, they would prefer to catch fewer sharks and more mahi mahi because the latter species is more valuable. 6.2. Industry Practices Table 6.2 identifies practices that are in use by longline fishers to address shark interactions with longline gear. A practice is checked for a fishery only when the practice is employed predominantly for the purpose of reducing shark interactions, and not if the practice is primarily employed as a normal part of fishing operations to maximize catch rates of non-shark target species. Following subsections discuss the results of Table 6.2. Fishermen identified numerous fishing methods and gear characteristics that they employ to maximize catch rates of non-shark target species, which may contribute to reducing shark catch rates. For instance, the depth of baited hooks; timing of gear setting, soak and hauling; location of fishing grounds in relation to topographic and oceanographic features as well as sea surface temperature; type and size of bait and hook; selection of material for the leader on branch lines; non-use of lightsticks; and other fishing methods and gear designs selected by fishermen to maximize their non-shark target species catch rates may be effective shark avoidance strategies. More research is needed to improve the understanding of the shark avoidance efficacy of many of these practices.
Page 25 Shark Depredation and Bycatch in Pelagic Longline Fisheries Table 6.2. Prevalent industry practices employed to address shark interactions in 12 pelagic longline fisheries. Practice Move position if shark interactions are high and target species CPUE is low Avoid fishing grounds with high shark abundance from past experience or communication from other vessels Reduce shark detection of baited hooks Australia tuna and billfish fishery Set gear deeper X Use or avoid type of bait or hook X To discard sharks, cut branch line or remove hook by making cut in shark mouth No wire trace to reduce retention of sharks Do not use lightsticks X Avoid setting in specific sea surface temperature Set during daytime X Minimize gear soak time X Kill sharks before discarding to avoid re-catching Do nothing to reduce shark catch because shark catch is desirable or shark interactions are rare Chile artisanal mahi mahi and shark fishery Chile swordfish fishery Fiji tuna fishery Pelagic Longline Fishery Italy Mediterranean industrial swordfish fishery Japan distant water, offshore and nearshore fisheries Peru artisanal mahi mahi and shark fishery South Africa tuna and swordfish fishery U.S. Hawaii tuna fishery U.S. Hawaii swordfish fishery X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
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Page 55 and 56: Appendix 1, Australia Page 41 Of th
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Page 83 and 84: Appendix 2, Chile Page 69 Captures
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Appendix 2, Chile Page 75 Fig. A2.5
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Appendix 2, Chile Page 77 A summary
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Appendix 2, Chile Page 79 Prices ar
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Appendix 2, Chile Page 83 A2.14.6.
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Appendix 2, Chile Page 85 Fig. A2.1
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Appendix 2, Chile Page 87 A2.17. Re
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Appendix 3, Fiji Page 89 • Robert
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Appendix 3, Fiji Page 91 The data i
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Appendix 3, Fiji Page 93 Table A3.4
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Appendix 3, Fiji Page 95 A3.7.2. Pr
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Appendix 3, Fiji Page 97 Table A3.1
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Appendix 3, Fiji Page 99 of whale d
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Appendix 4, Italy Page 101 A4.2. Fl
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Appendix 4, Italy Page 103 Branch l
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Appendix 4, Italy Page 105 catch sp
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Appendix 4, Italy Page 107 Table A4
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 111 Appendix
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 113 A5.2. Hi
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 115 SEA SURF
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 117 A5.3.1.
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 119 period (
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 121 Catch ('
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 125 When cut
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Appendix 5, Japan Page 133 Japanese
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Appendix 6, Peru Page 135 Appendix
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Appendix 6, Peru Page 139 Pro Delph
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Appendix 6, Peru Page 141 Table A6.
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Appendix 6, Peru Page 143 Revenue f
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Appendix 6, Peru Page 149 Fig. A6.1
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Appendix 7, South Africa Page 151 A
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 163 Table A
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 165 Average
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 167 regulat
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Table A8.7. Shark capture statistic
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 171 A8.4. M
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 173 The pot
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 177 A8.11.3
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Appendix 8, Hawaii Page 179 Pacific
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Shark Depredation and Bycatch in Pe
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