Gyula Demeter

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Authors Samples Medication Performance Conclusions/Comments Krishna et al. (2011) N= 31 medication-naive OCD N=31 HC never treated no difference the importance of medication-naive studies Note. OCD, obsessive compulsive disorder; SCH, schizophrenic patients; HC, healthy controls; D, depressive patients; PDA, panic disorder with agoraphobia; SP, social phobia; SRI, serotonin reuptake inhibitors. 24
Chapter 3. The study of memory functions in OCD Similar contradictory results as in the case of executive functions exist in the domain of memory research regarding OCD. In this chapter of the dissertation we will focus on the key theoretical assumptions and research findings with relevance to the main thesis points: short term and prospective memory respective on the role of inhibition in selective retrieval. 3.1. Short term verbal and visual memory It seemed a reasonable explanation that in OCD behind repetitive thoughts and actions is a memory system failure (Sher, Frost, & Otto, 1983). The assessment of memory functions however revealed that these are mainly a secondary consequence of less effective organizational strategies and impaired executive functions (Savage, 1998). There are results also saying that OCD patients do not really trust in their own memories, and that there is a metamemory deficit (see Tuna, Tekcan, & Topcuoglu, 2005). There is a consensus in literature that verbal memory store and recall is intact in OCD, while there is a deficit at the level of effective encoding strategy use (see Christensen et al., 1992; Deckersback et al., 2005). On encoding strategy the authors understand the way how the incoming information is grouped and encoded in the memory. According to the literature the OCD group performs the Digit Span Forward Task (Zielinski et al., 1991; Christensen et al., 1992; Aronowitz et al. 1994; Savage, Keuthen, & Jenike, 1996; Tallis, Pratt, & Jamani, 1999; Okasha et al, 2000) and the Digit Backward Task (Cohen et al., 1996) at the level of the healthy control group, while there are results about significantly poorer performance on the Digit Span Forward task (Berthier et al., 1996). There were no differences on patient’s performance on the Wechsler Memory Scale (Boone et al., 1991), on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (Zielinski et al., 1991) and on the Californian Learning Task (Christensen et al., 1992). OCD patients recall significantly fewer verbal, semantically related items then healthy control subjects probably because they don’t spontaneously use verbal organizational strategies. These differences disappear if they are instructed explicitly to do so, which reflects that there is most probably an initiation rather than a lack of storage capacity problem (Deckersback et al., 2005). The postulated strategy initiation deficit probably relies on the difficulties in detection of most relevant features of fast changing stimuli, but this assumption needs further research. 25
Page 1 and 2: Budapest University of Technology a
Page 3 and 4: 6.3. Study 3: Over-monitoring secon
Page 5 and 6: Glossary of abbreviations ACC Anter
Page 7 and 8: WCST-LS Wisconsin Card Sorting Task
Page 9 and 10: Kivonat Az obszesszív-kompulzív z
Page 11 and 12: Introduction In our daily life we r
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1. Overview of Obsessive co
Page 15 and 16: ilaterally at the ventromedial pref
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 2. The study of executive f
Page 19 and 20: 2.2. Theories and measurement of ex
Page 21 and 22: outcomes etc.) which in many labora
Page 23 and 24: As far as we know no executive task
Page 25 and 26: The tasks that are most commonly us
Page 27 and 28: 2002) and on the Intra-Dimensional/
Page 29 and 30: Inhibition In the Miyake et al. (20
Page 31 and 32: Table 1. Summary of OCD patients re
Page 33: Authors Samples Medication Performa
Page 37 and 38: 3.2. Prospective memory Prospective
Page 39 and 40: 3.2.1. Theories of prospective memo
Page 41 and 42: According to Guynn (2008) retrieval
Page 43 and 44: intention or the initiation and exe
Page 45 and 46: 3.2.3. Studying PM in OCD While at
Page 47 and 48: 3.2.4. A possible PM model of OCD O
Page 49 and 50: 3.3. The role of inhibition in sele
Page 51 and 52: Further two recent results will be
Page 53 and 54: it, (3) the neuropsychological impa
Page 55 and 56: 4.3. Current neurobiological model
Page 57 and 58: The role of amygdale in the express
Page 59 and 60: 5.1. Main goals 1. To assess the le
Page 61 and 62: Chapter 6. Studies 6.1. Study 1: Im
Page 63 and 64: impairment in this task 15 and othe
Page 65 and 66: Procedure All OCD patients received
Page 67 and 68: series of equal length, and we cons
Page 69 and 70: called error inhibition index (SEII
Page 71 and 72: Reaction Time Colour Naming Conditi
Page 73 and 74: which might be impaired in OCD. 9 I
Page 75 and 76: REFERENCES 1. American Psychiatric
Page 77 and 78: 20. van der Wee NJ., Ramsey NF, Jan
Page 79 and 80: 39. Goodman WK, Price LH, Rasmussen
Page 81: 6.2. Study 2: Impaired prospective
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Table 1 Sample demographics and bas
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Written instructions were read to t
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Table 2 Hit rate in the two experim
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Comparison of patient and healthy a
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can be concluded that OCD patients
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6.5. Study 5: No retrieval induced
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Experimental design and materials T
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Procedure “In the study phase, pa
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RIF effect in the control group, t(
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Chapter 7. Discussion, conclusions
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and retrospective memory processes
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of the dACC contributes to the pers
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Gyula Demeter

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