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GENERAL SESSIONS General sessions Mere held each morning to discuss general interest topics such as map models, map design and map general ization, as well as specialized cartographic applications. MORION A. MEÊR, chiei o& the Census Bureau's Geography Vivibion, discussed "A Geographic and Cartographic Program the 7980 Census." To assign correct geographic identifications to the data provided firom the major demographic and economic censuses AS no small task. It requires accurate boundary infor mation, up-to-date maps and elective data handling techniques. These requirements are met in part by the Bureau's Annual Bound ary and Annexation Survey, the Metropolitan Map Series, and the G8F/PIME System. The Census Bureau is also exploring new tech niques to facilitate the massive production requirements o^ the 79 SO census and new mapping techniques to graphically illustrate the highlights o& census statistical products. GEORGE JENKS, o& the Department o& Geography o£ the Univers ity o& Kansas, examined the deficiencies o& contemporary map malting. These deficiencies stem £rom several sources. Many car tographers ofiten contuse the function o£ a statistical map with that o& a statistical table. Secondly, e many map makers do not adhere to the conventional symbology o& thematic mapping -- the graphic language which has developed through centuries oft carto graphic experience. Thirdly, some statistical map makers do not sense the relationship between data processing and the fidelity with which their map portrays the information they wish to con vey. And finally, too many map makers are either not trained in, or appreciative oft, the subtleties o& graphic communication; the subject matter should be presented with simple and clear graphic statements. Several examples were presented and contrasted) cor rective procedures were suggested and some opportunities faor im proving statistical maps were proposed. Processor Jenks' paper, an abbreviated version o^ his presentation in Res ton, also appears in The American Cartographer, volume 3, number 1, April 1976. JAMES COR8ETT, formerly WAth the Statistical Research Divi sion o& the Bureau o& the Census, is responsible &or the devel opment oft the theory underlying dual independent map encoding (PIME). In his paper "Topological Principles in Cartography" he set ôrth the mathematical foundation £or modern automated cartography, based on relevant parts o£ topology and graph theory. The generality and future value o& this theory were also dis cussed. 38
WALP0 T08LER has been with the. Geography Ve.pantme.nt ofi the. University ofi Michigan Aince 1961. HiA primary Apedalty iA car tography and the. development o& computer methodA, white hiA re lated i.ntereAts are in the. mathematical modeling o& the. geograph ical aspects o& Aocial proceAAeA. In hiA papeA "Mathematical. Map Models" he. used examp£ed to illuAtrate the. mathematical model underlying only three cloAAeA o& ge.ographical, map. The. faiAAt model., a ge.ometsu.c.at one., ha* a long hiAtosiy and weJUt known to casitogsiapheAA. Some nove£ inteA.ptieJjationt> weAe. dmonAtsiate,d. The. second modeJt cfea&t with opeAationb on a 4ca£at function. Rea£- izationA o& thii> modeJt OC.C.U/L in the. &ie£d oft pictusie. psioceAAing, and tkeAe. can be apptie.d to aeAâi photogtiaphb, to map* oft topog- smphy, on. to map^ o£ population dznA^vty. lltuAtsiationA weAe. psie.- Ae.nte.d, uAing theAe. topics, o£ the. value. o& e.nhanc.me.nt and de.- gsiadation. A mathematical inteApsiztation o& theAe. pôce64e6 wa6 g^cven, and the. stolen o£ sieAolution and quantization weAe. examined. The. labt example c.on6/cdeAed the. cade -in which the. ca/utogsiapheA psieAe.nte.d vacton. value-d data, and a nove£ approach wad agatn de- mon4 tsiate.d. ROBERTC) BACHI wad a PSLO&&AAOSL o& AtatibticA in Ae.veAal Italian uni.vzAAJM.eA bejôê on.ganizi.ng the. Ve.pantme.nt o at the. He.bn.ew UniveAAity in JeAuAalejn, wheAe. he. iA cusisie.ntly pn.o- fieAAon. o& AtatiAticA and demognaphy. He. iA the. authon. o& many bookA and papeAA on vaniouA topicA oft AtatiAtical methodology, ge.neAal dmognaphy, Aocial AtatibticA, etc. He uAge.d a n.e.appnaiA- al o& the. e.ntine. gnaph
Page 1 and 2: sBuipaaoojd paj.sgsse-ja).nduioo uo
Page 3 and 4: of the international symposium on c
Page 5 and 6: PREFACE The. te.chnic.at oAticJteA
Page 7: Seminar on Statistical Mapping . .
Page 11 and 12: CHARGE TO THE CONFERENCE William B.
Page 13: CONCLUSION Summing up, the introduc
Page 17 and 18: INTRODUCTION MAP DESIGN Arthur H. R
Page 19 and 20: Because it will help to emphasize a
Page 21 and 22: The main idea behind the communicat
Page 23 and 24: INTRODUCTION A CHALLENGE TO CARTOGR
Page 25 and 26: manner: The authors have attempted
Page 27 and 28: But just how new is the concept of
Page 29 and 30: Clearly the ability and the desire
Page 31 and 32: The third step is the DECISION stag
Page 33 and 34: He went on to call for the creation
Page 35 and 36: VISIONS OF MAPS AND GRAPHS William
Page 37 and 38: intution, rule of thumb, and a kind
Page 39 and 40: (Of course it might be that some ca
Page 41 and 42: How stable, for example, are the re
Page 43 and 44: Henry ¥ Castner and Arthur H. Robi
Page 45: General Session Papers Introduction
Page 49 and 50: INTRODUCTION A GEOGRAPHIC AND CARTO
Page 51 and 52: In addition, numerous administrativ
Page 53 and 54: DELINEATION OF STATISTICAL AREAS Su
Page 55 and 56: which exist around the central citi
Page 57 and 58: distribution of school children by
Page 59 and 60: INTRODUCTION CONTEMPORARY STATISTIC
Page 61 and 62: tial relationships of cropland acre
Page 63 and 64: Figures 3 and k. At least part of w
Page 65 and 66: AESTHETICS AND MAP COMMUNICATION Th
Page 67 and 68: As a case in point, study the three
Page 69 and 70: ABSTRACT CHARACTER OF A MAP TOPOLOG
Page 71 and 72: epresents the operator composition
Page 73 and 74: Thus a contour lies between two of
Page 75 and 76: (2) From this table compute plane c
Page 77 and 78: 4: A Topogtuipkic. 1970 POPULRTION
Page 79 and 80: county map of the United States has
Page 81 and 82: If. D. Kendall, "Construction Of Ma
Page 83 and 84: By the way, graphs used for the var
Page 85 and 86: c. Suppose that maps are constructe
Page 87 and 88: Graph2: MEDIAN INCOME IN 1949 OF FA
Page 89 and 90: adults (see Yule and Kendall, 1950,
Page 91 and 92: original GRP, and a scale of tens h
Page 93 and 94: them (or in semi-logarithmic charts
Page 95 and 96: (iiaphll USA (1840, 1900, I960) Per
Page 97 and 98:
ooooooooooooo< 4 DD 4 D 4 C 4 ooooo
Page 99 and 100:
INTRODUCTION THE CHALLENGE OF MAPS
Page 101 and 102:
Gilligan and Amendola here in the U
Page 103 and 104:
handicapped will be better served b
Page 105 and 106:
REFERENCES 1. Professor James F. Go
Page 107 and 108:
INTRODUCTION MAP GENERALIZATION: TH
Page 109 and 110:
map, symbols can be assigned and th
Page 111 and 112:
that simplification of lines result
Page 113 and 114:
Map 3a. .01 Map 3b. .30 Map 3c. .60
Page 115 and 116:
75,000
Page 117 and 118:
As mentioned earlier, most surface
Page 119 and 120:
exponentially with the number of po
Page 121 and 122:
Panel Discussion on Experiences in
Page 123 and 124:
C. GENE JOHNSON iA chie.fi ofi the.
Page 125 and 126:
And in talking about the possibilit
Page 127 and 128:
INTRODUCTION DECISION DAY FOR AUTOM
Page 129 and 130:
THE ORDNANCE SURVEY This organizati
Page 131 and 132:
AUTOMATED CARTOGRAPHY AT THE U. S.
Page 133 and 134:
Two steps of choropleth mapping hav
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The identification subsystem will u
Page 137 and 138:
AUTOMATED CARTOGRAPHY IN THE NATION
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GEODETIC CONTROL MAPS The National
Page 142 and 143:
SEMINAR ON STATISTICAL MAPPING This
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INTRODUCTION STATISTICAL ACCURACY A
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was purposely conventional. The low
Page 148 and 149:
F;VL - FIVE 7 FIVE 9 FIVE M FIVE 16
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classes tended to smooth out the bl
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TABLE III. OVERALL ACCURACY OF THE
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epresentation of statistical relati
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7. G. Jenks and F. Caspall, "Error
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7. A -6eo£con oft the. UrUte,d Sta
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3. Two boie map* pAepaAed tfoA paAt
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Figure 5 are generalizations of the
Page 164 and 165:
City Selection The twenty largest m
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Dot distribution maps are used for
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plate. Pages with isopleth maps and
Page 170 and 171:
THE URBAN ATLAS PROJECT: HISTORICAL
Page 172 and 173:
The feasibility of such a project,
Page 174 and 175:
SCALE Since the primary purpose of
Page 176 and 177:
LINE-WEIGHT The line-weight of the
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SEMINAR ON MAP REAPING ANV PERCEPTI
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perception using the. basic oAAumpt
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an attempt to reach a re.atistic mo
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Census of Agriculture, the Census B
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maps. Research cartographers have m
Page 188 and 189:
Five shades in black and white or c
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Ve selected this scheme for use in
Page 192 and 193:
The important shift that has occurr
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For a good many years, researchers
Page 196 and 197:
So far cartographic research in map
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This will be a difficult order, eve
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This is equally true of many aspect
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AN ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES IN MAP DE
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the clues that you get in the visua
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take immediate action to correct th
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• BASE MAPS PLANIMETRIC TOPOGRAPH
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as the one in the front of the room
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INTRODUCTION CURRENT RESEARCH IN TA
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D.B.RH. NEIGHBORHOOD MAP Key ;to m
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3. GENERAL REFERENCE MAP OF THE UNI
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tions were noted for both practiced
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for the single lines, ranging from
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INTRODUCTION THE OPTIMAL THEMATIC M
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eye comes to rest for at least 2/10
Page 226 and 227:
The 20 reconstructed maps were then
Page 228 and 229:
307 302 Figure. 10. TkeAe. two tKLc
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~i 12. Theê, dote -6how the. locat
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INTRODUCTION THE MAP IN THE MIND'S
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VALUE OF RETAIL TRADE SURPLUS LOCAT
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has a prominent role in goal specif
Page 239:
the subjects some elements are domi
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a sound explanation for it. A secon
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Finally, one of the most interestin
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INTRODUCTION IN PURSUIT OF THE MAP
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producing a personal image fictitio
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individuals chosen appear from the
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screen gray area and its perceived
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There are a number of questions whi
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Note, first, that the four areas wi
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18. Stevens, S.S. (Geraldine Steven
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PER CAPITA INCOME: 1 970 3.
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MICROFILM OUTPUT This film is a typ
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ANAHEIM-SANTA ANA- GARDEN GROVE, CA
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ANAHEIM-SANTA ANA- GARDEN GROVE, CA
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NUMBER OF AMERICAN INDIANS COUNTIES
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HOUSING UNITS BUILT BEFORE 1950 - W
Page 273 and 274:
NESTED CATEGORIES EMPHASIS ON EXTRE
Page 275 and 276:
Seminar on Uses of Color Introducti
Page 277 and 278:
In theJji pne*entation f "Tke- Sele
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INFORMATION PROCESSING AND RECALL T
Page 281 and 282:
The great 19th century physicist Ja
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general, there is a tendency for a
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THE SELECTION OF COLOR FOR THE U.S.
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mixes for CIA with the formulas on
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Red Cyan Yellow Other Color Agrocli
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Red Cyan Yellow Other Color Rural P
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Administrative Divisions, p. 58 —
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spaced in hue, such as this sequenc
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THE ORGANIZATION OF COLOR ON TWO-VA
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diagonal. (See Figure 18, page 265
Page 301 and 302:
CONCLUDING COMMENTS Finally, there
Page 303 and 304:
Seminar on Automation in Cartograph
Page 305 and 306:
The. majoA tkAaAt o& the. TopogAaph
Page 307 and 308:
Subcontracted work has until now ge
Page 309 and 310:
Software development before 1970 di
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INTRODUCTION INTERACTIVE CARTOGRAPH
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Our system assumes that automated c
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can be taught to correct some, at l
Page 317 and 318:
this, very little attempt has been
Page 319 and 320:
The vast increase in speed (about t
Page 321 and 322:
Data Management System 1100 (now us
Page 323 and 324:
APPENDIX B: A BRIEF DISCUSSION OF H
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CO-ORDINATE SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMS
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A digital data bank comprises colle
Page 329 and 330:
The second advantage is particularl
Page 331 and 332:
The production of maps, however, re
Page 333 and 334:
Things become more complicated with
Page 335 and 336:
For less high quality we plan to el
Page 337:
One of the most important facts in
Page 340 and 341:
SEMINAR ON AUTOMATION IN CARTOGRAPH
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pAoje,ct at the. LaboAatoAy fioA Co
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Master Enumeration District List (M
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as seen in Figure 1. The resulting
Page 348 and 349:
(X). Implicitly this problem is ide
Page 350 and 351:
6. Fou/i data. po^ntA loc.at
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F-tgote 7. Cteecf and open Thxte64e
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INTRODUCTION TOPOLOGICAL INFORMATIO
Page 356 and 357:
Topological notation emphasizes the
Page 358 and 359:
NEW PROCEDURES In particular, many
Page 360 and 361:
-INTRODUCTION CONTOURING ALGORITHMS
Page 362 and 363:
The second step is the estimation o
Page 364 and 365:
1111 T ? ^ ? Weighting Function F-c
Page 366 and 367:
obtainable. An algorithm which fait
Page 369 and 370:
Seminar on Land Use Mapping Introdu
Page 371 and 372:
de.veJtopme.nt and availability ofi
Page 373 and 374:
Image. pAocessing te.chniqu.eA oAig
Page 375 and 376:
INTRODUCTION LAND UNIT MAPPING WITH
Page 377 and 378:
MANAGEMENT COMPONENTS • Highly de
Page 379 and 380:
SOURCE MAP CHARACTERISTICS WRIS has
Page 381 and 382:
Polygon boundaries to be digitized
Page 383 and 384:
less than 10 minutes. This speed wi
Page 385 and 386:
6. Diello, Joseph, (1970), The Evol
Page 387 and 388:
the map is only peripheral at prese
Page 389 and 390:
THE NATURE OF PROPERTY TAXATION TAX
Page 391 and 392:
The maps are actually parts of an i
Page 393 and 394:
5. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, D
Page 395 and 396:
LANDSAT image, a stereoscopic pair
Page 397 and 398:
The climate of the area is moderate
Page 399 and 400:
The developed formula of peak runof
Page 401 and 402:
This coordinate system is shown on
Page 403 and 404:
The drainage basin maps show the ac
Page 405 and 406:
BLOCK #24-21 (continued) 3. 153 Del
Page 407 and 408:
SQUARE 2 1 ^ i 7 2 —— ~1T ~6^ 8
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24-21 msv -Co 75° 12' 40° 38' X =
Page 411 and 412:
24-21 75°I2' 40°38' X = 1851968.7
Page 413 and 414:
24-21 75° I2 1 40°38 X= 1851968.
Page 415 and 416:
BRIEF ANALYSIS OF THE USERS The req
Page 417:
6. Halasi-Kun, G. J. (1975), "Water
Page 420 and 421:
SEMINAR ON IWTERACTIl/E MAP EPITING
Page 422 and 423:
0/ES SHEPHERD o$ the. U.S. Amy Engi
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Youngmann (1972), Peucker (1973)> a
Page 426 and 427:
developed in other areas, to the so
Page 428 and 429:
7. Christian!, E. J., et al., 1973>
Page 430 and 431:
NEIGHBORHOODS MAP EDITING USING A T
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FUTURE RESEARCH Every field in a DI
Page 434 and 435:
3. "Hie fiundanuintal noA.Qkbonhood
Page 436 and 437:
7. Tkn dua£ $fw.pk aA.ou.nd ueAêx
Page 438 and 439:
INTRODUCTION GDIS VS. CUE: A LOOK A
Page 440 and 441:
3. Douglas County Auto Title/Regist
Page 442 and 443:
3. The lack of broad based local go
Page 444 and 445:
that intergovernmental cooperation
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2. Inquiry by address - The fields
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cities throughout the United States
Page 450 and 451:
REQUEST 1 DIME FILE RECORD U P D A
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REQUEST 3 DIME RES P 0 N S E S C R
Page 454 and 455:
REQUEST 7 DIME RE S P 0 N S E S C R
Page 456 and 457:
INTRODUCTION AN INTERACTIVE GBF CRE
Page 458 and 459:
equiring a GBF in a slightly differ
Page 461 and 462:
Seminar on Urban Information System
Page 463 and 464:
1/ICT0R PA I/IS oi the. Ci£y ojj A
Page 465 and 466:
INTRODUCTION ANALYTICAL MAPS FOR SC
Page 467 and 468:
coordinates (referred to as rectili
Page 469 and 470:
The map of Figure 3 shows the bound
Page 471 and 472:
Figure 4 BLACK STUDENT ASSIGNMENTS:
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Maps based on student-allocation mo
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housing development per every stude
Page 477 and 478:
COMPUTER MAPPING AND ITS IMPACT ON
Page 479 and 480:
the shades. Digit 5 is a coded numb
Page 481 and 482:
The most frequent use of computer m
Page 483 and 484:
\ \ / ,.L5_i / /hjgj-->-»• VJ1 .
Page 485 and 486:
B g TM BT BSTH TER M B8TH TfH M SBT
Page 487 and 488:
GRAFPAC Subroutines ADVANG - ADVANG
Page 489 and 490:
TABDVG - TABDVG initializes that pa
Page 491 and 492:
several decades increasing amounts
Page 493 and 494:
Automated Evolution of the Time Fac
Page 495 and 496:
It merits noting that operators and
Page 497 and 498:
So as to be consistent with the pre
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INTRODUCTION GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION
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or values (weights) to the presence
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factors are depicted in shades of g
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Proper use of UNIMATCH, however, fr
Page 507 and 508:
INTRODUCTION THE CONGRUENCE BETWEEN
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By 1968 SACS had been conceptually
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in an engineering precision. Inhere
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Seminar on Data Structures Introduc
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*cheme* oft aggregation present and
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(Clement, 197*0> etc., have all bee
Page 519 and 520:
A line of n points can be subdivide
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LINE GENERALIZATION The theory of t
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shortened to close to half by const
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DOUBLE LINE AND OTHER LINE SYMBOLS
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INTRODUCTION APPLICATIONS OF LATTIC
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The computation of intersections is
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CARTOGRAPHIC DATA BASE DESCRIPTION
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Cartographic data for the United St
Page 535 and 536:
P/iopo-i ecf D M S Output Decimal S
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BASE CATEGORY IV - TERRAIN SURFACE
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objectives of a specific data base.
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COORDINATE POINT DIRECTORY Coord. 4
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7\ POINTS Ident. (Name) CHAIN GROUP
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Some of the attributes of a topolog
Page 547 and 548:
Seminar on Automation in Cartograph
Page 549 and 550:
infrastructure, and human resources
Page 551 and 552:
negative and repel each other. This
Page 553 and 554:
THE GRIMAS SYSTEM APPLICATION softw
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GRIMAS SYSTEM FLOW: PLOT -CONTROL/
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All object classes have locational
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PROJECT BAR CHART TR M E S T E R RR
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To get a flexible system it was dec
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E. - Topography 80 Man-Hours F. - G
Page 565 and 566:
The goal described above is further
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1. With respect to the dimensional
Page 569 and 570:
561 BRRSIL FUNDRCRO I.B.G.E. DIRETO
Page 571 and 572:
SPECIAL AND THEMATIC MAP SERIES The
Page 573 and 574:
As to geodetics and topography, the
Page 575 and 576:
THE AIR FORCE MINISTRY: ELECTRONICS
Page 577:
URBAN AND RURAL, TECHNICAL AND FISC
Page 580 and 581:
APPENDIX I AUTO-CARTO II STAFF AND
Page 582 and 583:
Robert T. Aangeenbrug Department of
Page 584 and 585:
H. G. Barnum University of Vermont
Page 586 and 587:
Kurt E. Brassel Assistant Professor
Page 588 and 589:
James M. Collom Cartographer NOAA N
Page 590 and 591:
James F. Dixon Assistant Director G
Page 592 and 593:
John B. Fieser Program Specialist U
Page 594 and 595:
Terry W. Gossard U.S.D.A. Forest Se
Page 596 and 597:
Daniel E. Holdgreve 507 Kibler Circ
Page 598 and 599:
Olaf Kays Asst. Program Mgr.-RALI U
Page 600 and 601:
Gary Lewis Graphics Coordinator Tet
Page 602 and 603:
S. E. Masry Assoc. Professor Univer
Page 604 and 605:
David C. Mowbray Head, Map Informat
Page 606 and 607:
Thomas K, Peucker Assoc. Prof. , Si
Page 608 and 609:
William R. Roseman Vice President I
Page 610 and 611:
Lee Henry Slorp Miami University, D
Page 612 and 613:
G. L. Thornton Research and Develop
Page 614 and 615:
Dean P. Westmeyer Cartographic Edit
Page 616 and 617:
APPENDIX III AUTHOR AND TITLE INDEX
Page 618 and 619:
Contemporary Statistical Map6: Evid
Page 620 and 621:
Martell, Alberto Torfer (Automation
Page 622:
Van Driel, Nicholas (Ge.ological In
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