GRAPHIS SCNIPTA - Universitetet i Oslo

GRAPHTS SCRTPTA 7 (re95)
blunt, with apothecium initials sessile to
shortly stipitate along the edge or grouped
terminally on 2-3 short stipes raising from the
podetial tip. Apothecial initials were brown
with a greyish pruina or, more rarely, red.
Well-developed apothecia were absent. The
specimens with the largest podetia (TT 23499),
were of the type with brown apothecial initials
on distinctly branched podetia.
Cladonia incrassata was found in the
archipelago of Hvaler, @stfold, southeast
Nonray, tt about 59" northern latitude. It
occurred on the southernmost tip of the island
Kjerkoy, in a small marsh, about 400 m from
the sea and at an altitude of 10-20 m. The
marsh was surrounded by low hillocks up to
33 m altitude. The area was forested mainly by
Pinus sylvestris mixed with Betula pubescens,
and Picea abies. The pine trees commonly had
Chrysothrix tlavovirens Tonsberg; that species
has here the largest known populations in
Norway.
Two shallow peat-cuttings, one small, and
one larger, a few hundred meters in diameter,
have been d.rg in the marsh. These cuttings
supported a strong growth of Calluna vulgaris
as well as small trees (to about 4 m tall) of
Betula pubescens and Pinus sylvestris. Parts of
the cuttings were more or less naked peat.
Cladonia incrassata occurred in the peatcuttings,
abundantly and well-developed in the
larger cutting, sparsely and without podetia in
the other. In both cuttings cushions of basal
squamules occurred on vertical, somewhat
shaded surfaces constituting the walls of the
cuttings; in the larger cutting well-developed
colonies rich in podetia inhabited decayed
wood of stumps (probably of pine) and naked
surfaces of peat raising from the bottom of the
cuttings. Some colonies, including those on
wood, were several decimetres in diameter.
The Cladonia incrassata specimens formed
rather pure colonies. On wood, closely associated
lichen species included e.g. Absconditella
delutula (see Appendx), Cladonia crispata, C.
digitata, C. floerkeana, C. glauca, and C.
macilenta. Hypocenomyce scalai; and Micarea
lignaria occurred on wood elsewhere in the
largest of the cuttings, oo the dry upper parts
Cladonia incrassata in Norway 63
of stumps, and on stump fragments on the peat
floor, respectively. The fungus Chaenothecopsis
pusilla was lichenicolous on one of the
Cladonia incras s ata specimens.
In the future, the Cladonia incrassata
colonies in this locality will most probably tend
to become outcompeted by Calluna, and probably
also outshadowed by the trees in and
outside the cuttings. Conservation work should
therefore include new peat cutting to expose
more naked peat for Cladonia incrassata to
colonize, and the removing of trees in and just
outside the cuttings to let more light into them.
Cladonia incrassata is a southern species
in Scandinavia (Almborn 1948) where it previously
was known from Sweden as far north
as Viirmland and Niirke (Santesson 1.993) and
Denmark (Alstrup & SOchting 1989). It is also
known from southern Finland (Kuusinen et al.
1989). In Europe its range extends as far south
as Spain and northern Italy (Doll 1993, Nimis
1993). Outside Europe it occurs in eastern
North America and Japan (Culberson et al.
L982, Thomson 1967).
Norwegian specimens acamined (BG tf not
otherwise stated): Qstfold.' Hvaler, KjerkOy,
between village Skjrerhallen and peninsula
Sjursholmen, 1995, Tonsberg 23495, 23496,
23497, 23498, 23499, 23500 (BG, O), 2350L,
23502a, 23503, 23504, 23624, 23625, 23629.
Cladonia anitae'W. Culb. & C. Culb.
Cladonia anitae was described by Culberson et
al. (1982) based on material from North Carolina,
southeastern u.S.A. It is closely related to
C. incrassata, but differs in never producing
soredia abundantly on the basal squamules and
only very rarely on the podetia, and in having
podetia which are frequently more than 5 mm
tall and slightly branched (usually once or
twice) in upper part. Thick, dominant cushions
of basal squamules without podetia are apparently
not formed.
Chemicaily, C. anitae is distinct in producing
the depsidone grayanic acid in addition
to usnic and squamatic acids as major substances.
It is the only known red-fruited spe-