Heat Pumps: Principles & Practice - Alive2green

Heat Pumps:
Principles & Practice
Sustainable Energy Seminar: Ceasar’s Palace, Midrand
Presented by: Erik M. Kiderlen (Pr.Eng)
Ashway Investments cc

What is Presented
• Systems approach to generate hot water
• Domestic, Commercial, Industrial market
segments
• 3 Disciplines: Plumbing, Refrigeration, Electrical
• System Design Parameters
• Installer checklists
• Regulations & Definitions
• Insurance & guarantee implications

Domestic System

Heat Pump (HP) Systems
• Systems currently used in Industry:
– Dehumidification HP Fig. 10
– Cooling Tower Heat Recovery HP Fig. 11
– Effluent Recovery HP Fig. 12
– Refrigeration Heat Recovery HP Fig. 13

Cost Scare
• Many system possibilities, Many product
suppliers
• No official standards: Industry split up
• ESKOM Rebates in place commercial
benefits???
• Generation Costs:
– Coal: R 0.45 / kWh
– Nuclear: R 1.35 / kWh
– Wind: R 1.70 / kWh
– Renewable: R 2.50 / kWh

• Installation Costs:
– 60 A Remote Dom. Settlement(BFWest):
R 475,000.00
– 30 MW Solar Park (Groblershoop)
R 1 million
• Costs to Consumer:
– 1982 R 0.049 / kWh
– 2011 R 0.822 / kWh
– 2030 (estimate) R 9.00 / kWh
– 2011 Somalia R 49.00 / kWh

Why Choose Heat Pumps
• Industry Motivation:
– HP Technology Not new, domestic use under utilised
– HP Industry will grow hot water generation,
process heating
• Green Star Motivation:
– SANS 204 prescribes “hot water by means other than
resistance heating”
– Green Design by Accredited Professional
– Contracting (including HP contractor) as per Enviro
Mant Plan – ISO 140001
– Commissioning by independent commissioning agent

The Performance Issue
• Co-efficient of Performance(COP) is ratio of
heat transferred at condenser to energy used
by compressor
• Usable temperature: Range at which energy
can be absorbed or rejected by the HP system.

Length of lines show amount of heat , pressure change.
Evaporator heat extracted = h f – h e
Compressor heat added = h a – h g
Condenser heat becoming available = h a – h d
Obviously (h a – h d ) > (h a – h g ), thus “pumping” heat extracted by the evaporator, using
the compressor. This heat is becoming available to heat up the water.

Regulations & Definitions
• Specialist Industry Bodies:
– IOPSA iopsa@iafrica.com
– SESSA info@sessa.co.za
– ESKOMinfo@eskom.co.za
– PIRB info@pirb.co.za
– ISO 50001 http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_50001_
• Need for checklist is to protect the designer –
supplier / installer – end user.

Industry Consensus
• Plumbing, refrigeration and electrical trades have
defined each trade’s roles for HP installations.
• Each tradesperson must be SETA accredited
before he / she can work in the other two trades.
• Plumbing industry should accept HP contractual
installation responsibility (in process)
• NB – No standards for HP installation. Hence:
checklists paramount in contract documents.
• Insurance & guarantee implications

Last year I installed one of those solar panels in my house for the
geyser, that energy-efficient kind.
Today, I got a call from the contractor who installed it. He
complained that the work had been completed a year ago and I still
hadn't paid for them.
Hellooo ... just because I'm blonde doesn't mean that I am
automatically stupid. So, I told him just what his fast-talking sales
guy told me last year ... these panels pay for themselves in a year.
Hellooo? It's been a year, so they're paid for, I told him. There was
only silence at the other end of the line, so I finally hung up. He
never called back.
I bet he felt like an idiot.

Thank you for you attention.
Any Questions?