Heat Pumps: Principles & Practice - Alive2green
Heat Pumps: Principles & Practice - Alive2green
Heat Pumps: Principles & Practice - Alive2green
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>Heat</strong> <strong>Pumps</strong>:<br />
<strong>Principles</strong> & <strong>Practice</strong><br />
Sustainable Energy Seminar: Ceasar’s Palace, Midrand<br />
Presented by: Erik M. Kiderlen (Pr.Eng)<br />
Ashway Investments cc
What is Presented<br />
• Systems approach to generate hot water<br />
• Domestic, Commercial, Industrial market<br />
segments<br />
• 3 Disciplines: Plumbing, Refrigeration, Electrical<br />
• System Design Parameters<br />
• Installer checklists<br />
• Regulations & Definitions<br />
• Insurance & guarantee implications
Domestic System
<strong>Heat</strong> Pump (HP) Systems<br />
• Systems currently used in Industry:<br />
– Dehumidification HP Fig. 10<br />
– Cooling Tower <strong>Heat</strong> Recovery HP Fig. 11<br />
– Effluent Recovery HP Fig. 12<br />
– Refrigeration <strong>Heat</strong> Recovery HP Fig. 13
Cost Scare<br />
• Many system possibilities, Many product<br />
suppliers<br />
• No official standards: Industry split up<br />
• ESKOM Rebates in place commercial<br />
benefits???<br />
• Generation Costs:<br />
– Coal: R 0.45 / kWh<br />
– Nuclear: R 1.35 / kWh<br />
– Wind: R 1.70 / kWh<br />
– Renewable: R 2.50 / kWh
• Installation Costs:<br />
– 60 A Remote Dom. Settlement(BFWest):<br />
R 475,000.00<br />
– 30 MW Solar Park (Groblershoop)<br />
R 1 million<br />
• Costs to Consumer:<br />
– 1982 R 0.049 / kWh<br />
– 2011 R 0.822 / kWh<br />
– 2030 (estimate) R 9.00 / kWh<br />
– 2011 Somalia R 49.00 / kWh
Why Choose <strong>Heat</strong> <strong>Pumps</strong><br />
• Industry Motivation:<br />
– HP Technology Not new, domestic use under utilised<br />
– HP Industry will grow hot water generation,<br />
process heating<br />
• Green Star Motivation:<br />
– SANS 204 prescribes “hot water by means other than<br />
resistance heating”<br />
– Green Design by Accredited Professional<br />
– Contracting (including HP contractor) as per Enviro<br />
Mant Plan – ISO 140001<br />
– Commissioning by independent commissioning agent
The Performance Issue<br />
• Co-efficient of Performance(COP) is ratio of<br />
heat transferred at condenser to energy used<br />
by compressor<br />
• Usable temperature: Range at which energy<br />
can be absorbed or rejected by the HP system.
Length of lines show amount of heat , pressure change.<br />
Evaporator heat extracted = h f – h e<br />
Compressor heat added = h a – h g<br />
Condenser heat becoming available = h a – h d<br />
Obviously (h a – h d ) > (h a – h g ), thus “pumping” heat extracted by the evaporator, using<br />
the compressor. This heat is becoming available to heat up the water.
Regulations & Definitions<br />
• Specialist Industry Bodies:<br />
– IOPSA iopsa@iafrica.com<br />
– SESSA info@sessa.co.za<br />
– ESKOMinfo@eskom.co.za<br />
– PIRB info@pirb.co.za<br />
– ISO 50001 http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_50001_<br />
• Need for checklist is to protect the designer –<br />
supplier / installer – end user.
Industry Consensus<br />
• Plumbing, refrigeration and electrical trades have<br />
defined each trade’s roles for HP installations.<br />
• Each tradesperson must be SETA accredited<br />
before he / she can work in the other two trades.<br />
• Plumbing industry should accept HP contractual<br />
installation responsibility (in process)<br />
• NB – No standards for HP installation. Hence:<br />
checklists paramount in contract documents.<br />
• Insurance & guarantee implications
Last year I installed one of those solar panels in my house for the<br />
geyser, that energy-efficient kind.<br />
Today, I got a call from the contractor who installed it. He<br />
complained that the work had been completed a year ago and I still<br />
hadn't paid for them.<br />
Hellooo ... just because I'm blonde doesn't mean that I am<br />
automatically stupid. So, I told him just what his fast-talking sales<br />
guy told me last year ... these panels pay for themselves in a year.<br />
Hellooo? It's been a year, so they're paid for, I told him. There was<br />
only silence at the other end of the line, so I finally hung up. He<br />
never called back.<br />
I bet he felt like an idiot.
Thank you for you attention.<br />
Any Questions?