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The World Chickpea and Pigeonpea Economy: Facts, Trends, and Outlook ICRISAT plans to publish the latest facts and trends in the world pigeonpea and chickpea economy. Objectives 1. To review major production and utilization trends of ICRISAT mandate crops 2. To highlight major issues affecting the production and utilization of these crops 3. To summarize available data on national and regional production, trade and utilization Results Considerable progress has been made and draft write-up completed. However, sections related to production and utilization in eastern Africa in particular and Africa in general are being redrafted by experts in the region familiar with these crops. Preliminary results indicate that for both chickpea and pigeonpea there has been some diversification in the production during the last 15 years. The share of West Asia in chickpea production has increased from 8 to 13% and for pigeonpea the share of East Asia has gone up from 1 to 6%. However, South Asia still accounts for bulk of production for both these pulses. During the last 20 years, world chickpea production grew on an average by 2% per annum, mainly due to increase in area planted of 1.6 million ha during the period 1980-98. Australia's production of chickpea has grown from almost zero to 245 0001 per annum since the early 1980s. This growth 6 ICPN 7, 2000 was stimulated by the increasing demand from South Asia. Pigeonpea production grew on an average by 1% per annum. Large area expansion under the crop in the eighties, mainly in south Asia, was an important contributing factor. Average pigeonpea yields have remained virtually stagnant during the last 20 years. Low production growth of chickpea and pigeonpea has resulted in declining per capita availability of these pulses in the major producing regions. One consequence of this has been an increase in real prices for chickpea and pigeonpea relative to prices of cereals, milk, etc. This in turn has induced consumers to shift to cheaper sources of protein (milk, meat, etc.). Despite the shift, deficits in production, particularly in south Asia, are being met through imports. Among the pulses, dry beans and dry peas constitute about 70% of total pulse trade, while chickpea and pigeonpea account for less than 10%. For chickpeas, Australia is the major exporter of Desi type, while Turkey dominates the Kabuli trade. Trade in pigeonpeas is relatively small, with no single country dominating exports, although in recent years Myanmar has emerged as an important exporter. There has been considerable progress in developing improved varieties of chickpea and pigeonpea, but yield increases have not been able to match breakthroughs in productivity of competing crops like wheat, oilseeds etc. Increasingly these crops are being pushed to marginal areas further reducing their competitiveness. Pests and diseases are major factors affecting yield. Pulses are still an important source of protein particularly for the vegetarian population. Increase in chickpea and pigeonpea yields will not only increase production but would reduce per unit cost which will translate into lower prices leading to increased consumption, especially among low and middle income consumers.
Chickpea Breeding/Genetics Association of Seed Mass Groups and Seed Yield in Kabuli Chickpea 1 S Mehla 1 , R S Waldia 2 , V P Singh 3 , V S Lather 3 , and S S Dahiya 2 (1. Regional Research Station, Uchani, Haryana, India; 2. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonipat 131 001, Haryana, India; 3. Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India) A hundred-seed mass in an important component of seed yield in view of its significance in breeding and ease of selection. A breeder can exercise selection successfully on the basis of seed mass and it is a well known fact that seed mass is a stable and highly heritable character as compared to other quantitative characters. Therefore, selection is likely to be effective. Seed mass has also been observed as an important factor in germination, seedling vigour, seedling mass, subsequent plant growth, and cooking quality attributes (Waldia et al. 1991, Waldia et al. 1996). Research Reports F2 populations of the F5 crosses of Kabuli gram were grown during 1994-95 postrainy season (25 Nov 1994) and more than one thousand seeds from each cross were grown to raise the F2 population where each cross involved parents with different seed masses. Normal agronomical recommendations were followed for raising the crop and variation for seed mass and seed yield was studied and observations on 200 randomly selected plants from each of the five F2 populations, i.e., C1 = Gora Hisari x HK 88-232, C2 = ICCV 2 x ICCC 32, C3 = HK 89-96 x FLIP 91-14 C, C4 = Gora Hisari x FLIP 91-14 C, and C5 = ICCV 2 x FLIP 85-90 C were recorded. These plants were separated into four groups on the basis of seed mass groups and seed yield where groups consisted 20.01 g (G4). Correlation coefficients of seed mass with seed yield were worked out for each cross, up to four groups of seed mass separately. Some groups of seed mass in crosses were excluded for working out correlation coefficients due to limited number of plants. Significant and positive association of 100-seed mass gave a variable picture in the sense that only a few different seed mass groups turned out to depict a significant positive association with the seed yield in different crosses. In a few crosses the range of seed mass groups was observed to fall beyond the limits of parents. This type of expression of characters often come due to transgressive segregation (also reported by Waldia et al. 1988). Generally, medium seed mass groups and often the small seeded Table 1. Correlation coefficients of seed mass with seed yield in different groups of seed mass in Five F2 crosses of Kabuli chickpea. Parent Gora Hisari HK88-232 ICCV 2 ICCC 32 HK 89-96 FLIP91-14C FLIP85-90C 100-seed mass (g) 21.89± 1.21 28.91 ± 0.46 20.53 ±0.35 16.33 ±0.34 27.51 ±0.53 35.47 ±0.47 32.50 ± 0.65 Cross C1 = Gora Hisari x HK 88-232 C2 = lCCV2 x ICCC 32 C3 = HK89-96 x FLIP 91-14C C4 = Gora Hisari x FLIP91-14C C5 - ICCV 2 x FLIP85-90C 1. 30.01 g. * and ** significant at 1 and 5 percent of significance. G1 1 0.964** 0.268 0.1777 -0.056 Four groups of seed mass (g) G2 2 0.389** 0.003 0.354* 0.419** 0.291* G3 3 G4 4 0.120 0.010 0.154 -0.243* -0.619** - -0.373** -0.097 Pooled correlation coefficients 0.048 0.210** 0.193* 0.344* 0.445** ICPN 7, 2000 7
Page 2 and 3: Publishing objectives International
Page 4 and 5: Effect of Interaction Between Meloi
Page 7 and 8: From the Editor News We have pleasu
Page 9 and 10: scientists at ICR1SAT. These scient
Page 11: Views Monograph of Dunbaria Availab
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Chickpea germplasm exhibit
Page 17 and 18: Pathology Preliminary Screening of
Page 19 and 20: legumes in the coastal region of Sy
Page 21 and 22: Occurrence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot
Page 23 and 24: Effect of Interaction Between Meloi
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Effect of organic manures,
Page 27 and 28: Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria,
Page 29 and 30: Benefit/cost ratio was calculated b
Page 31 and 32: Application of all the macro- and m
Page 33 and 34: Table 2. ANOVA for combined two fac
Page 35 and 36: Table 1. Response of subcultured ca
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Page 47 and 48: Deokar, A.B., Bhole, G.R., and D'Cr
Page 49 and 50: Sharma, D., Kannaiyan, J., and Saxe
Page 51 and 52: evealed a cut of 25% in seed rate o
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Observations on pollen ger
Page 55 and 56: Table 2. Correlation between seed y
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Page 59 and 60: Efficacy of Different Insecticides
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seed turned brown. The original see
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Table 2. Parasitoids of pigeonpea p
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Agronomy/Physiology Paras: An Early
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Figure 1. View of SKFA 3 crop. Tabl
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Table 1. Plant mortality (%) due to
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Table 1. Effect of different land c
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30 25 20 15 10 5 early stages of ge
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Figure 1. Mean levels of verbascose
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Figure 1. Digestion of gelatin coat
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Utilization Water Utilization of Pi
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LSD 0 OS NS NS Total plant Stems Fi
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pollen germination eight other rand
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C. volubilis pollen did not germina
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Abha Agarwal, Tripathi, H.S., and R
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Richter, C., Heiligtag, B., Nagieb,
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Dahiya, K.K., Chauhan, R., and Ombi
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at Pantnagar, Northern India. Annal
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Notes
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About ICRISAT The semi-arid tropics
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