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Table 1. Management of root-knot nematodes-wilt complex through host resistance and application of pesticides. Treatment Variety Dahod Yellow Avrodhi SEm Pesticides Treated Control SEm Significant interactions CV (%) There was also significant effect of seed treatment and soil application of fungicides and nematicides on all the attributes under study. Pesticidal treatment showed significant improvement in seed germination as judged by plant stand and plant height. It also significantly increased grain and fodder yield. The increase was 143.48% in grain yield and 73.73% in fodder yield whereas the incidence of wilt disease was reduced by 60.58%. The treatments were found very effective in controlling root-knot disease and there was 30.47% reduction in root-knot index and 59.40% reduction in final soil nematode population. The results indicated that chickpea variety, Avrodhi, is resistant to wilt disease, but susceptible to root-knot nematodes. Its grain yield production is low so it is not suitable for cultivation in Gujarat, India. Though Dahod Yellow is susceptible to both diseases, it gives higher yield as compared to Avrodhi. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica as well as wilt disease of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri can be effectively managed by seed treatment of carbendazim @ 0.1% (w/w) + carbosulfan @ 0.75% (w/w) coupled with soil application of carbendazim granules @ 0.5 kg ha -1 and carbofuran granules @ 2.0 kg ha 1 . The results are in agreement with the findings of Mani and Sethi (1984) and Rao and Krishnappa (1994b) who observed increase in chickpea through seed treatment with nematicide and fungicide. Seed treatment with carbofuran and carbendazim has also proved effective 16 ICPN 7, 2000 Initial plant stand 97 a 97 a 1.2 98' 95 b 0.5 YxV 2.2 Plant height (cm) 57.2 a 55.2 b 0.9 60.6 a 51.8 b 0.9 Y, VxT 7.0 Grain yield (kg ha -1 ) 2008 a 1049 b 37 2167 a (+143.48) 890 b 169 Y, YxT, YxVxT 10.7 Fodder yield (kg ha -1 ) 4142 b 5028 a 78 5820 a (+73.73) 3350 b 78 VxT 7.7 for management of root-knot nematodes-wilt complex (Anonymous 1989). References Plants wilted (%) 52.2 a 10.4 b 1.6 17.7 b (-60.58) 44.9 a 4.0 Y, YxT, VxT 23.0 Root-knot index (0-5) 1 2.16 a 2.18' 0.05 1.78 b (-30.47) 2.56' 0.05 Y 10.6 Final nema popn. 100 g -1 soil 94 a 93 a 4 54 b (-59.40) 133- 4 1. 0 = Free; 5 = Maximum disease intensity. Figures indicating common letters do not differ significantly from each other at 5% level of significance according to DNMRT. Treated = Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 0.1% (w/w) (Subeej 25% ST) + carbosulfan @ 0.75% (w/w) (Marshal 25 ST) + soil application of carbendazim granules @ 0.5 kg ha -1 (JKStein 5G) in single dose as basal application + carbofuran granules @ 2.0 kg ha -1 (Furadan 3G) in two equal splits; one at the time of seeding and another at 30 days after seeding. 20.1 Anonymous. 1989. Management schedules-recommendations of the Seminar on Management Approaches and Future Research Thrusts for Nematode Disease Problems of Crops in the Country, OUAT, Bhubaneshwar, Orissa, India. Mani, A., and Sethi, C.L. 1984. Influence of seed treatment on seedling emergence of chickpea in presence of Meloidogyne incognita, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and F. solani. Indian Journal of Nematology 14:68-69. Rao, K., and Krishnappa, K. 1994a. Interaction between Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri at different inoculum levels on chickpea. Indian Journal of Nematology 24:112-15. Rao, K., and Krishnappa, K. 1994b. Effect of soil solarization, VA Mycorrhizal fungus and seed dressing chemicals on seedling emergence of chickpea in Meloidogyne incognita - Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri infected field. Indian Journal of Nematology 24:250-52. Sharma, S.B., and McDonald, D. 1990. Global status of nematode problems of groundnut, pigeonpea, chickpea, sorghum, and pearl millet and suggestions for future work. Crop Protection 9:453-58.
Effect of Interaction Between Meloidogyne javanica Pathotype 1 and Wilt Inducing Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri on Chickpea B A Patel, D J Patel, and R G Patel (Department of Nematology, B A College of Agriculture, Gujarat Agricultural University, Anand Campus 388 110, Anand, Gujarat, India) Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) suffers from nematode diseases and among the various plant parasitic nematodes, root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica, are key pests in the Indian subcontinent (Sharma and McDonald 1990). In India, Upadhyay and Dwivedi (1987) reported 40% yield loss in chickpea due to M. incognita. Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri is widely distributed and reported from almost all the chickpea growing regions in the world ( Haware et al. 1990). The present study was conducted to find out the interaction between M. javanica pathotype 1 and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. M. javanica pathotype 1 (Mj pt.1) and F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri were tested on chickpea cultivar Dahod Yellow during 1995-96 and 1996-97 where earthen pots of 15 cm diameter were disinfected with 4% formaldehyde and filled with steam sterilized soil (1 kg pot -1 ). Three seeds of Dahod Yellow were sown in the center of each pot after surface sterilization with 0.1% mercuric chloride for 2 minutes. On germination, plants were thinned to one per pot. Mj pt. 1 second stage larvae, extracted as per Petridish Assembly Method (Chawla and Prasad 1974), were inoculated in the rhizosphere of each plant @ 1000 larvae/plant per treatment. Spores of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc) collected from Potato Dexrose Broth (PDB), were suspended in sterile distilled water (with 0.1% Tween 20). Foc spores were added @ 2 x 10 9 spores/ plant per treatment in the rhizosphere of plants. The treatments were: a) Mj pt. 1 alone, b) Foc alone, c) Mj pt. 1 + Foc (simultaneous), d) Mj pt. 1 followed by Foc 2 wks after (Mj pt. 1 + Foc-2 wks), e) Foc followed by Mj pt. 1 2 wks after (Foc + Mj pt. 1 -2wks), and f) no nematode or fungus inoculation (control). The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design with five repetitions in a net house maintained at 22 ± 3°C. Watering and other necessary operations were taken as needed. Ninety days after inoculation, plants were removed carefully, washed free of soil, and used for recording observations. Pooled data revealed that maximum plant height and fresh shoot and root mass were observed in control plants and minimum in simultaneous inoculation of fungus and nematode (Mj pt. 1 + Foc). Maximum root-knot index was observed in Mj pt.1 treatment while minimum in Foc + Mj pt.1-2 wks and Mj pt.1 + Foc treatments while Table 1. Interaction between Meloidogyne javanica pt.1 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in relation to growth and development of chickpea cultivar Dahod Yellow plants and nematode multiplication and wilt disease incidence. Treatments Control Mj Pt. 1 Foc Mj Pt.1 + Foc Mj Pt.1 + Foc-2 wks Foc+Mj Pt.1-2 wks SEm CV (%) Plant height (cm) 31.2 a 24.0 C 25.5 b 15.8 e 17.9 d 22.9 C 0.4 5.3 Fresh mass (g) Shoot 13.26 a 8.71 bc 9.81 b 7.42 c 7.71 c 9.02 bc 0.52 16.9 Root 13.90 a 7.05 d 11.37 b 6.30 d 7.33 d 8.78 c 0.35 11.7 RK1 (0-5) 1 0.00 c 3.90 a 0.00 c 3.30 b 3.70 a 3.10 b 0.11 14.6 Final nematode population plant' 1 Popu- % decrease lation over (Log X+1) Mj pt.1 0.000 c (0) - 3.942 a (8885) - 0.000 e (0) - 3.673 c (4960) 44.18 3.816 b (6665) 24.99 3.507 d (3245) 63.48 0.03 - 3.5 - - - Rate 8.86 - 4.96 6.67 3.25 - Reproduction rate % decrease over Mj pt. 1 - - - - 44.02 24.72 63.32 1. 0 = Free; 5 = Maximum disease intensity. Mj pt.1 = M. javanica pt.l @ 1,000 J 2 /plant, Foc =Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri@ 2.0 x 10 9 spores plant -1 . Figures indicating common letters do not differ significantly from each other at 5% level of significance according to DNMRT. Figures in parentheses are retransformed values. - % wilting of plants 0.0 0.0 40.0 70.0 70.0 50.0 - - Wilting - %inrease over Foc - - 75.0 75.0 25.0 - - ICPN 7, 2000 17
Page 2 and 3: Publishing objectives International
Page 4 and 5: Effect of Interaction Between Meloi
Page 7 and 8: From the Editor News We have pleasu
Page 9 and 10: scientists at ICR1SAT. These scient
Page 11 and 12: Views Monograph of Dunbaria Availab
Page 13 and 14: Chickpea Breeding/Genetics Associat
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Chickpea germplasm exhibit
Page 17 and 18: Pathology Preliminary Screening of
Page 19 and 20: legumes in the coastal region of Sy
Page 21: Occurrence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Effect of organic manures,
Page 27 and 28: Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria,
Page 29 and 30: Benefit/cost ratio was calculated b
Page 31 and 32: Application of all the macro- and m
Page 33 and 34: Table 2. ANOVA for combined two fac
Page 35 and 36: Table 1. Response of subcultured ca
Page 37 and 38: ICPN 7, 2000 31
Page 39 and 40: ICPN 7, 2000 33
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Page 47 and 48: Deokar, A.B., Bhole, G.R., and D'Cr
Page 49 and 50: Sharma, D., Kannaiyan, J., and Saxe
Page 51 and 52: evealed a cut of 25% in seed rate o
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Observations on pollen ger
Page 55 and 56: Table 2. Correlation between seed y
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Predicted % pod/seed damag
Page 59 and 60: Efficacy of Different Insecticides
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Page 63 and 64: seed turned brown. The original see
Page 65 and 66: Table 2. Parasitoids of pigeonpea p
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Page 69 and 70: Figure 1. View of SKFA 3 crop. Tabl
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Table 1. Effect of different land c
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30 25 20 15 10 5 early stages of ge
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Figure 1. Mean levels of verbascose
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Figure 1. Digestion of gelatin coat
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Utilization Water Utilization of Pi
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LSD 0 OS NS NS Total plant Stems Fi
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pollen germination eight other rand
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C. volubilis pollen did not germina
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Abha Agarwal, Tripathi, H.S., and R
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Richter, C., Heiligtag, B., Nagieb,
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Dahiya, K.K., Chauhan, R., and Ombi
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at Pantnagar, Northern India. Annal
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Notes
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About ICRISAT The semi-arid tropics
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