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Srivastava, S.P., Yadav, C.R., Rego, T.J., Johansen, C, and Saxena, N.P. 1997. Diagnosis and alleviation of boron deficiency causing flower and pod abortion in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in Nepal. Pages 95-99 in Boron in Soils and Plants (Bell, R.W., and Rerkasem, B., eds.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Tiwari, K.N., and Dwivedi, B.S. 1990. Response of eight winter crops to zinc fertilizer on a Typic Ustochrept soil. The Journal of Agricultural Science 115:383-387. Promising Chickpea Ideotype for Higher Plant Density V S Lather (Department of Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar 125 004, Haryana, India) Chickpea is generally planted at a plant density of 33 plants m 2 (30 cm row to row spacing, and 10 cm plant to plant spacing). However, Jeswani (1986) stressed the need to define ideotypes in pulses to improve the harvest index for major breakthrough through changes in plant type by reducing their spreading, indeterminate, and bushy habit. Siddique et al. (1984) proposed chickpea ideotype for enhancement of yield comprising not more than two branches when sown at high plant density. Similar ideotype approach was suggested to overcome the genetic limits of chickpea productivity by introduction of major morpho-physiological changes such as compact and erect plant habit, open and upright canopy, responsiveness to higher density planting, better management, and input conditions (Dahiya et al. 1990). Based on chickpea ideotype concept, through recombination breeding and utilizing E100 ym, a spontaneous brachytic mutant as donor for erectness and compactness, a large number of promising breeding lines for higher seed yield under late planting high input conditions for rice-chickpea or cotton-chickpea sequential cropping has been developed (Fig. 1). These progenies were erect and compact in growth habit (for higher density planting), with strong and reasonably tall stem (for better competition against weeds and lodging resistance), few but erect secondary and later order branches (for better light interception and air exchange of canopy). These promising chickpea advance breeding lines, particularly the genotype H96-99, recorded comparable seed yield against check varieties at normal density planting (33 plants m 2 ). However, they showed significant seed yield superiority under high density planting of 50 plants m 2 (Table 1), when evaluated with twelve genotypes with three replications in randomized block design in two sets with same date of sowing (23 Nov 1998). The plot size sown was 9.60 m 2 for both spacing treatments. The statistical analysis was done by combining the two factors (plant density x genotypes) as suggested by Campbell, 1978 (Table 2). These chickpea ideotypes showed higher seed yield of about 4 t ha' 1 under high density planting and are also found suitable for mechanical harvesting as the fruiting zone started at about 20 cm from base. Therefore, these Table 1. Performance of advance breeding lines developed on ideotype approach for higher density planting. Character Plant height (cm) Number of primary branches Number of secondary branches Canopy spread (cm) Initiation of fruiting nod (cm) Number of pods (plant 1 ) Number of seeds (pod -1 ) Seed yield (kg ha -1 ) normal density Seed yield (kg ha -1 ) higher density H96-26 69.93 5.27 9.87 16.27 23.47 63.27 1.22 2421.00 3981.00 H96-99 81.13 5.33 9.98 19.67 22.60 69.92 1.26 2627.00 3843.00 CD (5%) for comparing seed yield means of plant densities x genotypes: 792.91 kg ha -1 . 26 ICPN 7, 2000 Genotype C 235(Ch) 46.98 4.07 14.86 29.89 28.87 58.82 1.34 2659.00 3033.00 H86-18(Ch) 68.87 5.02 12.72 25.32 27.97 52.56 1.28 2460.00 2870.00 CD at 5% 261.52 197.48
Table 2. ANOVA for combined two factor (plant density and genotype) analysis. Source d.f Plant density 1 Genotypes 11 Plant density x genotypes 11 Replications 2 Residual/Error 22 Total Figure 1. H96-99; A chickpea ideotype for high density planting (Field-grown representative plant potted at maturity). S.S. M.S.S 188.31 188.31 1419.06 129.00 214.14 19.47 14.15 7.08 83.85 3.81 1919.51 F-value 9.67 6.63 5.11 Significant Significant Significant ideotypes were found to be suitable and promising for better input conditions of moisture and soil fertility under late planting conditions of rice-chickpea or cotton-chickpea sequential cropping systems as these will not produce excessive vegetative growth. References Anonymous. 1999. Annual Report, Pulses Section, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. 32 pp. Campbell, R.C. 1978. Statistics for biologists. A Cambridge University press publication. Madras, India. 229 pp. Dahiya, B.S., Mehla, B.S., and Lather, V.S. 1990. A new approach to chickpea breeding. Journal of Crop Improvement 17:104-110. Jeswani, L.M. 1986. Breeding strategies for improvement of pulses crops. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46 (Suppl.) 276-280. Siddique, K.H.M., Sedgley, R.H., and Marshall, C. 1984. Effect of plant density on growth and harvest index in chickpea. Field Crop Research 9:193-203. ICPN 7, 2000 27
Page 2 and 3: Publishing objectives International
Page 4 and 5: Effect of Interaction Between Meloi
Page 7 and 8: From the Editor News We have pleasu
Page 9 and 10: scientists at ICR1SAT. These scient
Page 11 and 12: Views Monograph of Dunbaria Availab
Page 13 and 14: Chickpea Breeding/Genetics Associat
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Chickpea germplasm exhibit
Page 17 and 18: Pathology Preliminary Screening of
Page 19 and 20: legumes in the coastal region of Sy
Page 21 and 22: Occurrence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot
Page 23 and 24: Effect of Interaction Between Meloi
Page 25 and 26: Table 1. Effect of organic manures,
Page 27 and 28: Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria,
Page 29 and 30: Benefit/cost ratio was calculated b
Page 31: Application of all the macro- and m
Page 35 and 36: Table 1. Response of subcultured ca
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Page 41 and 42: ICPN 7, 2000 35
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Page 47 and 48: Deokar, A.B., Bhole, G.R., and D'Cr
Page 49 and 50: Sharma, D., Kannaiyan, J., and Saxe
Page 51 and 52: evealed a cut of 25% in seed rate o
Page 53 and 54: Table 1. Observations on pollen ger
Page 55 and 56: Table 2. Correlation between seed y
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Predicted % pod/seed damag
Page 59 and 60: Efficacy of Different Insecticides
Page 61 and 62: (Minja et al. 1996). It was further
Page 63 and 64: seed turned brown. The original see
Page 65 and 66: Table 2. Parasitoids of pigeonpea p
Page 67 and 68: Agronomy/Physiology Paras: An Early
Page 69 and 70: Figure 1. View of SKFA 3 crop. Tabl
Page 71 and 72: Table 1. Plant mortality (%) due to
Page 73 and 74: Table 1. Effect of different land c
Page 75 and 76: 30 25 20 15 10 5 early stages of ge
Page 77 and 78: Figure 1. Mean levels of verbascose
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1. Digestion of gelatin coat
Page 81 and 82: Utilization Water Utilization of Pi
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LSD 0 OS NS NS Total plant Stems Fi
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pollen germination eight other rand
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C. volubilis pollen did not germina
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Abha Agarwal, Tripathi, H.S., and R
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Richter, C., Heiligtag, B., Nagieb,
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Dahiya, K.K., Chauhan, R., and Ombi
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at Pantnagar, Northern India. Annal
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Notes
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About ICRISAT The semi-arid tropics
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