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Response of Pigeonpea Hybrid PPH 4
to Varying Plant Densities
H S Sekhon, P S Sidhu, Guriqbal Singh, and Amandeep
(Department of Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana 141 004, Punjab, India)
Recently, a short duration pigeonpea hybrid PPH 4 has
been developed and released for cultivation in Punjab,
India. Generally, the spatial requirements of pigeonpea
may vary considerably depending upon the growth
rhythm of the genotypes, agronomic manipulations, and
agro-climatic conditions of the region. The recommended
spacing for short- and extra-short-duration varieties
having erect and semi-spreading growth is 50 x 25 cm
(8 plants m 2 ) in the State (PAU 1995). But the new
hybrid has vigorous plant growth than the earlier released
varieties (Verma et al. 1994). Therefore, a study
was undertaken to workout the optimum plant density of
PPH 4 to obtain higher productivity.
Field trials were conducted at the Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana (30°56'N, 75°52'E, 244 m altitude)
in 1993 and 1994 under irrigated conditions. The soil of
the experimental site was loamy sand having pH 8.2,
low in organic carbon (0.29%) and available nitrogen
(108 kg N ha -1 ), medium in phosphorus (15.1 kg P ha -1 )
and potash (208 kg K ha -1 ). In 1993, PPH 4 (hybrid; and
cultivar AL 201 were compared at seven plant densities
(30 x 15, 40 x 15, 60 x 15, 50 x 25, 67.5 x 20, 67.5 x 25
and 67.5 x 30 cm) in a split plot design with three replications.
In 1994, PPH 4, AL 201, and H 82-1 were
evaluated with plant densities followed in 1993 with the
addition of 50 x 15 cm and deletion of 67.5 x 20 cm
spacing. The cultivars and hybrids were allocated in the
main plots and plant densities in the subplots. The crop
was sown on June 7, and 10 respectively during the two
consecutive years with pre-sowing irrigation. Basal doses
of 15 kg N and 40 kg P2Os ha -1 were drilled. A seed rate
of 15 kg ha* 1 was used for sowing and a required plant
stand was maintained about 30 DAS. Two hoeings 30
and 50 DAS were administered for controlling weeds.
Sevin ® 50 WP (Carbaryl) at 1.750 kg ha -1 was sprayed at
50% flowering against pod borer complex. The second
spray was done two weeks after the first spray during
both the years. Rainfall received during the crop season
was 797.4 mm in 1993 and 613 mm in 1994. In the first
year, rainfall continued up to the end of September while
in the second year it terminated on 15 September.
Phenological behavior of genotypes showed that AL
201 matured 11 to 13 days earlier than PPH 4 and about
17 days later than H 82-1. The behavior of flowering
was almost the same during both years. AL 201 initiated
flowering around 10 September, PPH 4 in mid-September
and H 82-1 on 22 September. However, the maturity of
the crop was considerably influenced by environmental
conditions during the two years of study. In 1993, the
maturity was delayed by a week as compared to 1994 as
the total rainfall during the crop growth was not only
high but also extended up to end of September in 1993,
whereas in 1994 the rainfall occurred only up to mid-
September.
During both years, hybrids PPH 4 recorded significantly
higher grain yield than AL 201 (Table 1). In
1993, on an average, the differences due to plant density
were significant. The spacings of 67.5 x 20 and 67.5 x
25 cm were statistically at par and produced significantly
higher grain yields as compared to 30 x 15, 40 x
15, 60 x 15, and 67.5 x 30 cm spacings. The difference
between 67.5 x 20 and 50 x 25 cm spacings were superior
to AL 201 and H 82-1, yet varying plant densities did
not differ significantly in the grain yield (Table 2).
ICPN 7, 2000 43