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1. 5 ul of ligation mixture was added to 10 p1 of digested DNA 2. Vortex and briefly centrihged 3. Incubated at 20 C k 2 C for 2 h in liquid scintillation room 4. After terminating the reaction, the ligation mixture was diluted 10-fold with TE (1OmM Tris-HCI, pH 8 0,0 1 mM EDTA) buffer Prr amplification Reaction Colaponent Praamp mix I 10 X PCR buffer Tq polymerase Template DNA from restrictiodligation Total Tkrmal cycling for pretmplification 94 C 30 sec MC 72 C 4C b 60sec 60 sec 30 cycles hold Volume added Per sample (PJ) 08 00 01 00 00 16 02 00 11 16 Digested-ligated DNA fragments were used as templates for the Pre selective . amplification The specific DNA fragments were amplified by FCR using primers that contained the common sequences of the adapters and 1-2 arbitrary nucleotides as
selective sequence PCK reactions were perfomled in a PTC-100 Programmable Thmnal Controller (UI Research, USA) Mer terminating the reaction pre-amplified DNA was diluted 50 fold with TE (10 mM Tris-HCI, pH 8 0, 0 ImM EDTA) buffer. Selective amplification Component ECoN Msel 10 X PCR buffer Taq polymerase Dlst~lled Hz0 Ddute template DNA from pre-selectwe PCR - Total Volume added per sample (PI) 00 50 00 SO I0 00 00 16 50 00 30 00 10 00 - -.
Page 1: EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF
Page 4 and 5: Dr. RP Thrkur Senior Scientist (Pla
Page 6 and 7: We certify that the thesis entitled
Page 8 and 9: My docere thanks are also due to Mr
Page 11: About the bost GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Page 14 and 15: Bblogiul control About biocontrol a
Page 16 and 17: af caupatiile biological control ag
Page 18 and 19: MATERIALS AND METHODS (GENERAL) Gen
Page 20 and 21: INTRODUCTION Species of Trrchaferma
Page 22 and 23: REVIEW OF LITERATURE Quantitative e
Page 24 and 25: espectively m vrho On seed coated w
Page 26 and 27: phte The disc of the A. Jaws was pl
Page 29 and 30: Fig 3 h?dlor groundnut growlng d~st
Page 31 and 32: Table 1 Population dynamics of TnWr
Page 33 and 34: Bunker and Kusum Mathur (2001) eval
Page 35 and 36: INTRODUCTION '2bs genus Trichodermo
Page 37 and 38: AFLP with a range of prima pairs d
Page 39 and 40: dried mycdium 0 1 - 0.15% by weight
Page 41 and 42: molearlrr data, morphology, physiol
Page 44 and 45: The spore suspension of Trrchoderma
Page 46 and 47: Mmrtion and Assessment of DNA Spect
Page 50 and 51: Thermal cycling for dectivr amplifi
Page 52 and 53: plates the comb was placed in such
Page 54 and 55: 'rn Protocol 'XI2 amplification: Tb
Page 56 and 57: Amplified genomic DNA was restricte
Page 58 and 59: calculated using SIMQUAL program of
Page 60 and 61: 2) T. fertile of second group has t
Page 62 and 63: 8) T. aureoviride had the following
Page 64 and 65: ~roup V ~ncludes three specles of t
Page 66 and 67: Fig. 1 1. UPGMA Dendrogram using mo
Page 68 and 69: AFLP Results: Molecular characteriz
Page 70: viz., 7: longibrachia!um and 7: pse
Page 73 and 74: Fig. 14. Multidimensional scaling o
Page 75 and 76: Pnc@basi~m section. 'h second major
Page 77 and 78: Fig. 16. UPGMA den&- of 25 Trichode
Page 79 and 80: DISCUSSION Taxonomy of Trichodenna
Page 81 and 82: with Trichodenna section distribute
Page 83 and 84: study re selected on the basis of a
Page 85 and 86: mODUCTION Biological control of pat
Page 87 and 88: REMEW OF LITERATURE Chitina5e.s are
Page 89 and 90: chitill, hifiarin and A s of ~athog
Page 91 and 92: ~ntifungd Compounds MATElWLS AND ME
Page 93 and 94: mom temp- for thirty min and a b s
Page 95 and 96: deterioration Before use it was dhe
Page 97 and 98: pec- model DV-20) at a wavelength o
Page 99 and 100:
sucking gd buffer ~ris - HCI 01 .O
Page 101 and 102:
~cetic acid Water Methodology Prepa
Page 103 and 104:
suining and w i n g of- coomuie Bri
Page 105 and 106:
Fig 18 Effect of volatile antibioti
Page 107 and 108:
Fig. 20. Preliminary screening of T
Page 109 and 110:
On other hend the isolates capable
Page 111 and 112:
Table 5. Effect of Mch0denna volald
Page 113 and 114:
Table 7. Amount of protein prmh.tce
Page 115 and 116:
DISCUSSION hRUoan wnthtion of groun
Page 117 and 118:
(1993) stated Chibl~c V h m I: hani
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter IV Evaluation of selected T
Page 121 and 122:
aspergiUi hss allowed developmat of
Page 123 and 124:
control of PI- diseases by biologic
Page 125 and 126:
01. (1983) compand two rum-tYPe Wut
Page 127 and 128:
esim to A. flavvs -on end assuming
Page 129 and 130:
Methodology Biomass of Trkhoderm is
Page 131 and 132:
preparation of Trkhoderma Inoculum
Page 133 and 134:
~~~ergiUusflovus seed infection rou
Page 135 and 136:
T~~I. I I. Randomization of 8 b-eab
Page 137 and 138:
Fig 23 Blocontrol of A finjrr\ cont
Page 139 and 140:
phosphate buffer dine (PBS), (pH 7.
Page 141 and 142:
The plates were washed in three cha
Page 143 and 144:
Biomass of Trkhoderma isolates: RES
Page 145 and 146:
8 7 2 6 l a 5 cn I 0 1-T I Trichode
Page 147 and 148:
Different isolates of Tricltoderm s
Page 149 and 150:
population dynamics of biocontrol a
Page 151 and 152:
Management of aflatorin contaminati
Page 153 and 154:
~ ~ 17 bpopulation l ~ dynamics of
Page 155 and 156:
Management of aflatoxin contaminati
Page 157 and 158:
Table 19 Population dpImks of bioco
Page 159 and 160:
Management of anatorin contaminatio
Page 161 and 162:
~ ~ b21. l e Population dynamics of
Page 163 and 164:
Effect of ~richoderma SPP. on seed
Page 165 and 166:
Fig 26 Groundnut seed showing seed
Page 167:
During field experiments conducted
Page 170 and 171:
I lo 2 week old pcaMf plmts with fo
Page 172 and 173:
ad~sh was induced by 7: h m m when
Page 174 and 175:
Summary
Page 176 and 177:
Besides mor~holoEYa identification.
Page 178 and 179:
PPseud~koninPi (T 29) produced more
Page 180 and 181:
~~nclusionS isolation --- 212 isola
Page 182 and 183:
,4bdel-satar, M. A., Khalil, M. S.,
Page 184 and 185:
uisset, J. (1992). Trichodemm atrov
Page 186 and 187:
Busby, W. F. J. R.9 and Wogan, G. N
Page 188 and 189:
~~cological Society. 57,2549. Denni
Page 190 and 191:
Grondona, 1.9 Hermosa1 M, R.1 Tejad
Page 192 and 193:
IARC. (1993). ]ARC on the evaluatio
Page 194 and 195:
Kuhh K.3 Lirkfeldf E-9 Samuek, \\..
Page 196 and 197:
~ackenzie, D. W. R. (1998). As~er~i
Page 198 and 199:
Muller, U., and Wolfenbarger. L. (1
Page 200 and 201:
Raguchander, T., Samiap~an$ and Arj
Page 202 and 203:
Sanders, T* ". (19*'). Effect of hu
Page 204 and 205:
Turoczi, G., Fekete, C., Ketenyi, Z
Page 207 and 208:
Identification of Trichoderrna Spec
Page 209 and 210:
conidiophOWS, shape of the phlalide
Page 211 and 212:
(7, longibrochiarunt) showed the ma
Page 213 and 214:
soil and pod ~Mlpling, Soil was sam
Page 215 and 216:
1 3 4 5 AF'LP and SNP D i a ~ oof s
Page 217 and 218:
- indue hat- in plan& (15.57). wa e
Page 219 and 220:
drlxol~tCeIhKdCaI- 111@~d~d3~~iimlc
Page 221 and 222:
-inmfo~~bpoplLtianr@-~wnnmwbrb~r~--
Page 223 and 224:
~ O f ~ ~ m l p t n 2 ) . T h i ~ d
Page 225 and 226:
T~wi*olrtu,w~~pandwithtbt~duuaof~bu
Page 227 and 228:
In this WdY have unable to diffennw
Page 229 and 230:
2. Bhst R V. 1989. Risk to human hc
Page 231 and 232:
1 49. VmthS V. Bhnt. 1998 MWXIN tn
Page 234 and 235:
collecl~on number and gene sequence
Page 236 and 237:
T*BLE4*. mP marken s~gn~ficantly a.
Page 238 and 239:
- 0.00s TI@.' R TI43 R TI70 R 'T~LI
Page 240 and 241:
FIGURE 5. UPGMA dcndrogram of thc A
Page 242:
Allen S.G., Dobrenz Heritability of
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