Lead Human Exposure and Health Risk Assessments for Selected ...

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Table 4-17. Secondary Pb smelter case study: alternative NAAQS (0.2 µg/m 3 , maximum quarterly average) estimated IQ loss....................................................................... 4-29 Table 4-18. Secondary Pb smelter case study: alternative NAAQS (0.2 µg/m 3 , maximum monthly average) estimated IQ loss. ..................................................................................... 4-30 Table 4-19. Secondary Pb smelter case study: alternative NAAQS (0.05 µg/m 3 , maximum monthly average) estimated IQ loss. ....................................................................... 4-31 Table 4-20.Impact of multiple sources of uncertainty on risk results. ......................................4-40 July 2007 vi Draft – Do Not Quote or Cite
1 1 INTRODUCTION 2 This document is the first volume of the draft report Lead Human Exposure and Health 3 Risk Assessments for Selected Areas. This volume describes the quantitative human exposure 4 and health risk assessments 1 being conducted to inform the U.S. Environmental Protection 5 Agency’s (EPA’s) current review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for 6 lead (Pb). The draft risk assessment report is being provided to CASAC and the public for 7 review in advance of a public meeting of the CASAC Pb panel planned for August 28-29, 2007. 8 Following that meeting, we will take CASAC and public comments into account in preparing the 9 final document. We plan to complete the final risk assessment report in October, 2007. 10 As with the last review of the Pb NAAQS (see Section 1.1), the human exposure and 11 health risk assessments (the risk assessment) 2 for this review reflect multimedia exposure 12 pathways, and their influence on blood Pb levels as an internal index of exposure or dose. The 13 assessment for this review, as with that for the last review, utilizes a case-study approach 14 wherein a set of specific locations or case studies associated with policy-relevant Pb exposures 15 are evaluated in detail. The case studies have been selected to provide a perspective on the 16 nature and magnitude of air-sourced Pb exposures and risk in the United States. There are two 17 phases to the risk assessment for the current review: pilot and full-scale. The first phase (i.e., 18 the pilot assessment, described in Section 1.2) was presented in the first draft Staff Paper and 19 accompanying technical report (USEPA, 2006b; ICF, 2006), and was the subject of a CASAC 20 review on February 6 and 7, 2007 described in Section 1.3 (Henderson, 2007). The full-scale 21 assessment is described in this draft document. 22 1.1 MULTIMEDIA ASPECT OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT 23 The focus for this Pb NAAQS risk assessment is on Pb derived from those sources 24 emitting Pb to ambient air. The multimedia and persistent nature of Pb, however, contributes 25 several complexities to the assessment. 26 First, exposures to Pb emitted into the air occur via multiple pathways. As described in 27 the Air Quality Criteria for Lead (USEPA, 2006a; henceforth referred to as the CD), “The 28 multimedia aspects of Pb exposure can be seen in that Pb emissions to the air contribute to Pb 1 As described in the Preface to this document, the ecological risk analysis performed for this review, which will be considered in the policy assessment for the secondary standard, is presented in the draft technical report of the pilot phase risk assessments (ICF, 2006) and described in the draft Staff Paper (USEPA, 2006b). 2 Throughout the remainder of this document, the term "risk assessment" will be used to refer to both the human exposure and health risk assessments collectively, unless specific reference to either the human exposure or health risk assessment is required. July 2007 1-1 Draft – Do Not Quote or Cite
Page 1: Lead Human Exposure and Health Risk
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1 0.37 to 0.46 for the Census tract
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1 contribution of air Pb both direc
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1 3.2.1.1 Primary Analysis 2 The IE
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1 represent indoor paint, outdoor s
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1 • GSD reflecting inter-individu
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1 concentrations. Consequently, the
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1 Table 3-6. Estimated indoor dust
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1 blood Pb per air quality scenario
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1 Table 3-8. General urban case stu
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1 Table 3-10. General urban case st
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1 Table 3-15. Primary Pb smelter ca
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1 Table 3-23. Evaluation of model-p
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1 Table 3-25. Blood Pb Levels for 7
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ambient air-related e
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1 2 Roy, A., Georgopoulos, P. G., O
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1 Inclusion of these three types of
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1 pathways, and other (including ol
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1 Table 4-11. Primary Pb smelter st
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 REFERENCES
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