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SOCIOLOGY EDUCATION - American Sociological Association

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Another Way Out 393<br />

Making Successful Transitions. Washington, DC:<br />

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency<br />

Prevention, U.S. Department of Justice.<br />

Sullivan, Mercer L. 1989. Getting Paid: Youth Crime<br />

and Work in the Inner City. Ithaca, NY: Cornell<br />

University Press.<br />

Swanson, Christopher B. 2004. “Sketching a<br />

Portrait of Public High School Graduation:<br />

Who Graduates? Who Doesn’t?” Pp. 13–40 in<br />

Dropouts in America: Confronting the<br />

Graduation Rate Crisis, edited by Gary Orfield.<br />

Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.<br />

Sweeten, Gary. 2006. “Who Will Graduate?<br />

Disruption of High School Education by Arrest<br />

and Court Involvement.” Justice Quarterly<br />

23:462–80.<br />

Tanner, Julian, Scott Davies, and Bill O’Grady. 1999.<br />

“Whatever Happened to Yesterday’s Rebels?<br />

Longitudinal Effects of Youth Delinquency on<br />

Education and Employment.” Social Problems<br />

46:250–74.<br />

Teachman, Jay D., Kathleen Paasch, and Karen<br />

Carver. 1996. “Social Capital and Dropping<br />

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the Family 58:773–83.<br />

Werthman, Carl, and Irving Piliavin. 1967. “Gang<br />

Members and the Police.” Pp. 56–98 in The<br />

Police: Six <strong>Sociological</strong> Essays, edited by David J.<br />

Bordua. New York: John Wiley & Sons.<br />

White, Michael J., and Gayle Kaufman. 1997.<br />

“Language Usage, Social Capital, and School<br />

Completion Among Immigrants and Nativeborn<br />

Ethnic Groups.” Social Science Quarterly<br />

78:385–98.<br />

Wisby, Gary. 1995, January 9. “Cops Fail Youth<br />

Respect Test.” Chicago Sun-Times, p. 3.<br />

Worden, Robert E., Robin L. Shepard, and Stephen<br />

D. Mastrofski, 1996. “On the Meaning and<br />

Measurement of Suspects’ Demeanor Toward<br />

the Police: A Comment on ‘Demeanor and<br />

Arrest.’” Journal of Research in Crime and<br />

Delinquency 33:324–32.<br />

Paul Hirschfield, Ph.D., is an assistant professor, Department of Sociology, Rutgers University. He<br />

studies social control, intervention, and criminalization in relation to youths, primarily in the contexts<br />

of education and juvenile justice. Dr. Hirschfield is currently conducting research in New York<br />

City on model approaches to the educational reintegration of young ex-offenders.<br />

The author gratefully acknowledge the following researchers who contributed valuable data, advice,<br />

and feedback during one or more phases of the development of this article: Kathryn Burrows,<br />

Deborah Carr, Thomas Cook, Joseph Gasper, Leah Goldman Traub, John Hagan, Lance Hannon,<br />

John Laub, Julie Phillips, David Reed, Wesley Skogan, D. Randall Smith, and Helene Raskin White.<br />

The National Institute of Justice and the National Science Foundation provided direct support for<br />

this project. The author accepts sole responsibility for the views expressed herein and any errors<br />

committed. An earlier version of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the <strong>American</strong><br />

Society of Criminology, November 2003, Denver, CO. Address correspondence to Paul J. Hirschfield,<br />

Department of Sociology, Rutgers University, 54 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, NJ 08854; e-mail:<br />

phirschfield@sociology.rutgers.edu.

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