Handout 1 - Clemson University

Figure 2.2-1: DERAMan headform [20]
Computational efforts are also under way order in to model the response of the
skull/brain to incoming waves. blast One of the first three dimensional models of the
brain was developed in by Ward and Thompson in 1975 to reproduce the experimental
tests carried out on cadaver heads. This model incorporates a rigid skull, a
cerebrospinal fluid with linear elastic properties and elastic an brain [22]. One of the
most developed and widely used FEM brain models is the Wayne State University
brain injury model (WSUBIM). The final version of this model differentiates the
material properties of grey brain matter from white matter, simulates essential
anatomical compartments of the head, includes a sliding surface between the brain and
the skull, models the scalp, falx cerebri, sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, cerebrospinal
fluid, cerebellum and other features. The mechanical properties of the brain were
characterized as viscoelastic while elastic-plastic material properties were used for
cortical and cancellous bones of the face [22]. Another well known FEM model is that
developed by Kleiven and Hardy in 2002, where a parameterized FEM of the adult
human head including the scalp, skull, brain, meninges, 11 pairs of parasagittal