Glossary of HIV/AIDS-Related Terms - AIDSinfo - National Institutes ...

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y CD4 Cell Percentage ALSO KNOWN AS: CD4 Percentage CD4 Percentage ALSO KNOWN AS: CD4 Cell Percentage, CD4 T Lymphocyte Percentage Percentage of white blood cells that are CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells). In certain cases, such as during acute HIV infection or HIV infection in children younger than 5 years of age, CD4 percentage is used rather than CD4 count to assess HIV progression or response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). SEE RELATED TERM(S): CD4 Count, CD4 T Lymphocyte, HIV Progression CD4 Receptor A protein found primarily on the surface of CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells). To enter a host cell, HIV binds to a CD4 receptor and a coreceptor (either CCR5 or CXCR4) on the host cell. SEE RELATED TERM(S): CCR5, CD4 T Lymphocyte, CXCR4, Fusion, Life Cycle CD4 T Lymphocyte ALSO KNOWN AS: CD4 Cell, Helper T Cell A type of lymphocyte. CD4 T lymphocytes (CD4 cells) help coordinate the immune response by stimulating other immune cells, such as macrophages, B lymphocytes (B cells), and CD8 T lymphocytes (CD8 cells), to fight infection. HIV weakens the immune system by destroying CD4 cells. SEE RELATED TERM(S): CD4 Count, CD4 Percentage, Lymphocyte, T Lymphocyte CD4 T Lymphocyte Count ALSO KNOWN AS: CD4 Count CD4 T Lymphocyte Percentage ALSO KNOWN AS: CD4 Percentage CD8 Cell ALSO KNOWN AS: CD8 T Lymphocyte 20 HIV/AIDS Glossary
CD8 T Lymphocyte ALSO KNOWN AS: CD8 Cell, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte, Killer T Cell A type of lymphocyte. CD8 T lymphocytes (CD8 cells) recognize and destroy cells infected with microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses. SEE RELATED TERM(S): Lymphocyte, T Lymphocyte CDC-INFO A service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that disseminates health information on a wide variety of disease prevention and health promotion topics to the general public, health care providers, and partners worldwide. Information is available via the Web, phone, e-mail, and postal mail. SEE RELATED TERM(S): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cell-Mediated Immunity ALSO KNOWN AS: Cellular Immunity Type of immune response that is produced by the direct action of immune cells, such as T lymphocytes (T cells), rather than by antibodies. SEE RELATED TERM(S): Humoral Immunity, T Lymphocyte Cellular Immunity ALSO KNOWN AS: Cell-Mediated Immunity Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) A federal agency that protects the health and safety of people at home and abroad through health promotion; prevention and control of disease, injury, and disability; and preparedness for new health threats. SEE RELATED TERM(S): CDC-INFO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention- National Prevention Information Network Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Prevention Information Network (CDC-NPIN) ALSO KNOWN AS: National Prevention Information Network A service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) that disseminates information on HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, other sexually transmitted diseases, and tuberculosis (TB). Information is available via the Web, phone, e-mail, and postal mail. SEE RELATED TERM(S): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HIV/AIDS Glossary 21 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
Page 1 and 2: Glossary of HIV/AIDS-Related Terms
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Introduction.....
Page 5 and 6: Addition of several new terms and c
Page 7 and 8: Terms and Definitions Absolute Cont
Page 9 and 10: Adenovirus A group of viruses that
Page 11 and 12: AIDS Education and Training Centers
Page 13 and 14: Amino Acids The chemical building b
Page 15 and 16: Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) ALSO K
Page 17 and 18: Aspergillosis An infection caused b
Page 19 and 20: B Cell ALSO KNOWN AS: B Lymphocyte
Page 21 and 22: Bilirubin A reddish-yellow substanc
Page 23 and 24: Brain Attack ALSO KNOWN AS: Stroke
Page 25: CARE Act ALSO KNOWN AS: Ryan White
Page 29 and 30: Cesarean Section ALSO KNOWN AS: C-S
Page 31 and 32: Chromosome A thread-like structure
Page 33 and 34: ClinicalTrials.gov An online, searc
Page 35 and 36: Community Programs for Clinical Res
Page 37 and 38: Condyloma Acuminatum ALSO KNOWN AS:
Page 39 and 40: Cryoablation ALSO KNOWN AS: Cryothe
Page 41 and 42: CYP3A4 ALSO KNOWN AS: Cytochrome P4
Page 43 and 44: Data and Safety Monitoring Board (D
Page 45 and 46: Diabetes Mellitus ALSO KNOWN AS: Di
Page 47 and 48: Drug Antagonism ALSO KNOWN AS: Drug
Page 49 and 50: Drug-Drug Interaction A change in a
Page 51 and 52: Ecchymosis A blue or purplish bruis
Page 53 and 54: Enteritis Inflammation of the small
Page 55 and 56: Erythema Redness of the skin. Eryth
Page 57 and 58: False Negative A negative test resu
Page 59 and 60: Fusion The first of seven steps in
Page 61 and 62: Generic Drug A drug that has the sa
Page 63 and 64: Gonorrhea A sexually transmitted in
Page 65 and 66: Gynecomastia Development of larger-
Page 67 and 68: Hemoglobin A protein in red blood c
Page 69 and 70: Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Infe
Page 71 and 72: HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) A
Page 73 and 74: Hodgkin Lymphoma ALSO KNOWN AS: Hod
Page 75 and 76: Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) A gro
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Hypertension ALSO KNOWN AS: High Bl
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Immune Response Actions of the immu
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Immunomodulatory Therapy ALSO KNOWN
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Informed Consent A communication pr
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Integrase Inhibitor ALSO KNOWN AS:
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Intervention A measure taken to pre
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Investigational New Drug (IND) Appl
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Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) A rare type of
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Lactic Acid Acid formed by the brea
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Life Cycle ALSO KNOWN AS: Replicati
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Liver The largest organ in the body
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Lymphocyte A type of white blood ce
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Macrophage A type of white blood ce
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Medication Event Monitoring System
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Microbicide A drug, chemical, or ot
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Mononeuropathy Neuropathy that dama
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Mutagenic Causing a mutation, which
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Myelin A whitish, fatty substance t
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National Library of Medicine (NLM)
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Neutropenia Lower-than-normal numbe
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Nucleic Acid A family of molecules
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Observational Trial A type of clini
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Osteopenia Lower-than-normal bone m
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Pancytopenia Lower-than-normal leve
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Pathogen Any disease-causing microo
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Perinatal Transmission ALSO KNOWN A
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provide information that the Food a
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Plasma The clear, yellowish liquid
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Preclinical Preliminary testing of
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Primary Immune Complex Reaction A t
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Proteinuria Excess protein in the u
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q.d. ALSO KNOWN AS: QD qd ALSO KNOW
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R5-Tropic Virus ALSO KNOWN AS: M-Tr
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Regimen ALSO KNOWN AS: Treatment Re
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Resistance Testing ALSO KNOWN AS: R
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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) One of two t
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Secondary Prophylaxis ALSO KNOWN AS
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Serum The clear, yellowish liquid p
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Single-Masked Study ALSO KNOWN AS:
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Stem Cells Unspecialized cells from
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Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT) F
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Syncytium A large cell-like structu
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T-Cell Exhaustion ALSO KNOWN AS: T-
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Topical Pertaining to a drug or tre
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Treatment-Experienced When a person
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Tuberculosis Skin Test ALSO KNOWN A
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Vaccination ALSO KNOWN AS: Immuniza
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Viral Latency When a virus is prese
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Virologic Failure A type of HIV tre
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Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WI
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Yeast Infection ALSO KNOWN AS: Cand
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CDC Centers for Disease Control and
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HVTN HIV Vaccine Trials Network ICS
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OBT Optimized Background Therapy OH
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HIV/AIDS-Related Resources Federal
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CDC National Prevention Information
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Find Your Local HUD Office: http://
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HIV/AIDS care. The section of the H
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Contact NIAID PHONE: 866-284-4107 3
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Health Hotlines DESCRIPTION: Health
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Non-Federal Resources AIDS Communit
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issues relevant to clinical and pro
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International AIDS Society (IAS) DE
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epidemic in the U.S. and around the
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Contact the Warmline WARMLINE: 800-
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Women, Children, and HIV Web Site D
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Drug Class Generic Name (Acronym) P
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AIDSinfo.nih.gov Stay Connected E-N
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