Contrastive Analysis

Contrastive Analysis
6- prefabricated patterns;
The learners memorizes certain stock phrases or sentences:
- where is the toilet?
- how much does it cost?
- where is this address ?
7- language switch:
Finally, when all the strategies fail, learners may resort to language switch . that is, they may simply
use their native language whether the hearer knows it or not.
5-context of learning:
The source of error here is teacher or text book. For example wrong or unsuitable usage of a rule by
teacher or using dialogues in a text book without mentioning the formality or informality of
occurrences may cause some errors for learning.
6-Nonlinguistic errors: (Idiosyncratic errors):
These kinds of errors are specialized to individuals or a small group of learners who had the same
teacher, used the same textbook, shared identical learning strategies, but the learners do not have a
specific methodology for learning and can not make a generalization for designing a textbook or give
the students a specific learning activity.