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02 July 27, 2002 - ObserverXtra

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What makes<br />

a storm a<br />

tornado?<br />

The storm that swept<br />

through the<br />

township on <strong>July</strong> 21<br />

had many residents<br />

thinking a tornado had<br />

touched down in St. Jacobs<br />

and Conestogo, something<br />

that Environment Canada<br />

has not confirmed.<br />

The wind and rain,<br />

described by some residents<br />

as a “white sheet” that<br />

enveloped trees and bushes<br />

and uprooted many of them<br />

in the process was actually<br />

what senior climatologist<br />

David Phillips calls a<br />

‘severe thunderstorm.’<br />

Determining what the<br />

disturbance was is largely<br />

based on eye witness<br />

accounts and the<br />

examination of data after<br />

the fact, when specific<br />

criteria are used to determine<br />

which label is most<br />

appropriate. For a severe<br />

thunderstorm, explained<br />

Phillips, three main criteria<br />

are used.<br />

“One, winds have to be<br />

about 90 km/h, gusts that<br />

would produce some very<br />

damaging kinds of<br />

situations. You get hail<br />

that was maybe golf ball<br />

size, maybe an inch-and-ahalf<br />

or greater. Or you<br />

could have very heavy<br />

rain, say 50 mm in less<br />

than three hours,” said<br />

Phillips. “All of those<br />

would be severe criteria,<br />

which would prompt an<br />

issuing of a severe<br />

thunderstorm warning.<br />

Implied in that is the<br />

possibility that tornados<br />

could be embedded. We<br />

would not issue a tornado<br />

warning unless we<br />

actually saw it.<br />

“Now all of that is to say<br />

that in a severe<br />

thunderstorm—and there<br />

were severe thunderstorm<br />

warnings in the St. Jacobs,<br />

Guelph, and Kitchener-Waterloo-Cambridge<br />

area—<br />

you can get events. You can<br />

get happenings within severe<br />

thunderstorms that<br />

can give you the damage of<br />

a tornado, but not the twisting<br />

of the tornado. In other<br />

words, the downburst<br />

winds, the cold air coming<br />

straight down from the<br />

upper air, inside that<br />

[downburst] you can have<br />

both air rising and both air<br />

falling, and as the air<br />

descends – and there were<br />

some very significant<br />

temperature changes that<br />

took place because the cold<br />

air is very heavy, very<br />

dense, very thick – and<br />

when it gets moving down,<br />

it can move with a<br />

tremendous force that can<br />

uproot trees… They can<br />

certainly give you the same<br />

damage that a weak tornado<br />

could deliver,” he added.<br />

Phillips was careful to say<br />

that regardless of what the<br />

storm was called it does<br />

nothing to diminish the<br />

overall damage, and that<br />

making the differentiation<br />

often relies on examining<br />

the patterns in which the<br />

damage was caused.<br />

Tornados tend to produce<br />

erratic patterns of damage,<br />

whereas the up to 100 km/<br />

hr blasts of wind seen in a<br />

severe thunderstorm would<br />

cause a more regular<br />

pattern of damage. Only<br />

after the storm can this<br />

distinction be made as it has<br />

been in Woolwich in<br />

observations of the<br />

orientation of fallen trees –<br />

mostly towards the west –<br />

and in looking at flattened<br />

crops, which were all bent<br />

in the same direction<br />

regardless of the field’s<br />

location in the storm’s path.<br />

To further complicate<br />

the matter Phillips said<br />

there were several reports<br />

of funnel clouds in the<br />

area, which he described<br />

as “a twisting, rotating<br />

cloud that doesn’t touch<br />

the ground. There’s often<br />

no damage from them.”<br />

If a tornado had hit the<br />

area it wouldn’t be that<br />

uncommon though added<br />

Phillips, who said that in<br />

any typical year there are<br />

about 25 tornadoes in<br />

southwestern Ontario,<br />

still only 10 per cent of the<br />

total number of storms<br />

classified as severe<br />

thunderstorms.<br />

As further evidence<br />

Phillips said of<br />

approximately 100,000<br />

severe thunderstorms in<br />

North America only 1,000<br />

make it to tornado status –<br />

both scientifically and<br />

symbolically.<br />

“It almost becomes more<br />

of a status symbol to be hit<br />

by a tornado and people<br />

will get so irate with<br />

Environment Canada and<br />

say ‘what do you mean it<br />

wasn’t a tornado? I mean<br />

it was, I saw it,’” said<br />

Phillips. “When you have<br />

that air flying, always out<br />

of the top layer of clouds<br />

right down to the ground,<br />

when the air hits the<br />

ground and then it also<br />

squirts along – and you’ve<br />

got the motion of the storm<br />

too – it can be a pretty<br />

violent wind that can be<br />

well over 100 km/h.”<br />

Regardless of<br />

terminology however this<br />

was one storm that will<br />

keep the folks in Woolwich<br />

talking for some time.<br />

ELMIRA<br />

PRESIDENT’S CHOICE<br />

JULY <strong>27</strong>, 20<strong>02</strong> • NEWS • WOOLWICH OBSERVER 5<br />

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EVERYDAY PRICE<br />

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ORANGE JUICE<br />

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HUGO RODRIGUES<br />

SWUNG OVER The storm even took some of the fun out of summer… from left Candace Bustard, Madison Cashubec,<br />

Camellia Bustard, Eilish Cashubec, Taylor Connolly and Jordan Brueckman stand by their toppled swingset.<br />

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