NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Evaluation of Demonstrated and ... - CLU-IN

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NATO/CCMS Pilot Project on Contaminated Land and Groundwater (Phase III) January 2002 Project No. 1 Location “van Oss” site, former fuel storage depot, Neder-Over-Heembeeck Technical contact Ecorem nv Dr. Walter Mondt ir. Serge Van Meerbeeck Wayenborgstraat 21 2800 Mechelen Tel: 015/29.49.29 Fax: 015/29.49.28 E-mail: Ecorem@glo.be Bioremediation of Oil-Polluted Loamy Soil Project Status Interim Report Project Dates accepted 1994 final report 1997 Costs Documented? yes Progress on this project is current as of January 2002. 1. INTRODUCTION Name of the technology: Bioremediation of oil polluted loamy soil. 7 Media loamy soil Contaminants mineral oil Technology Type bioremediation Project Size full-scale (proposed future pilot project) Status of the technology: Highly innovative and reasonable costs. Further experiments are required to evaluate different bioremediation techniques for the decontamination of loamy soil. Project Objectives: Decontamination of oil polluted loamy soil by an in-situ activated biorestoration system, composed of a bioventing and a biostimulation system. Following the good decontamination results on the van Oss site, this project is considered as a first step towards a more general and more effective application of bioremediation of contaminated loamy soils. In collaboration with the ULB (Université libre de Bruxelles) Ecorem proposed a pilot project to NATO, with objective to examine which bioremediation techniques could efficiently be used in the decontamination of loamy soils polluted with hydrocarbons. 2. SITE DESCRIPTION The van Oss site is a former fuel storage depot in Neder-over-Heembeek, contaminated with mineral oil. A topographical situation of the site is shown on Figure 1. 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS Based upon a reconnoitring soil examination, it was proven that the soil as well as the groundwater of the former fuel storage depot van Oss was seriously contaminated with mineral oil. Compared to the contamination with this parameter, the presence of other components present was negligible. The volume of contaminated soil (unsaturated zone) was estimated, based on the reconnoitering soil examination, at 3.500 m³. Proceeding with these data, selective excavation of the contaminated zones was a first option to be considered. In order to draw up a detailed proposal for decontamination, Ecorem proposed an elaborated analysis campaign based on a sample grid.
NATO/CCMS Pilot Project on Contaminated Land and Groundwater (Phase III) January 2002 Based on the analytical results and the positioning of the grid the volume of contaminated soil was assessed. Table 1 gives an overview of the volumes of contaminated soil. In Figure 3 the horizontal spreading of the mineral oil contamination in the soil is represented. Table 1: Overview of the volumes of contaminated soil (mineral oil) >525mg/kg DES >1000 mg/kg DS >5000mg/kg DS Depth (cm) 0-200 9231 m³ 6284 m³ 943 m³ 14,770 tons 10,054 tons 1509 tons 0-250 10,997 m³ 6997 m³ 1050 m³ 17,995 tons 0-300 12,763 m³ 20,420 tons 11,196 tons 7711m³ 12,338 tons 8 1680 tons 1156 m³ 1850 tons The cubing shows that the volumes of contaminated soil were considerably higher than estimated at first. As a result, Ecorem proposed an alternative decontamination technique, i.e., an in-situ activated biorestoration system composed of a bioventing and a biostimulation system. Bioventing consists of a forced air flushing of the unsaturated soil with as main objective the supply of oxygen in order to stimulate the biodegrading activity of the microorganisms present in the soil. The biostimulation in this project consisted of mixing the contaminated ground with compost and wood flakes, in order to obtain a porous matrix, and the addition of nutrients to enhance microbial activity. Decontamination of the unsaturated zone consisted of the following stages: A. Excavation of the Hot Spots Hot spots (areas with severe contamination - here areas where the concentration of mineral oil >5000mg/kg DS) are secondary sources of contamination, and can therefore inhibit the efficient functioning of an in-situ decontamination technique. It is thus essential that these secondary sources of contamination be removed, for the in-situ decontamination technique to have any chance of success. B. Biodegradation The efficiency of the biodegradation system strongly depends on soil characteristics. In order to obtain a good biological degrading, the oxygen level and level of nutrients need to be established in optima forma. A good supply of oxygen can only be realised in porous soils. Soils with limited air permeability, such as loamy soils, therefore need to be mixed with structure amelioration additives. Oxygen is necessary for hydrocarbon degradation, as this is done aerobically. Oxygen limitation leads to slowing down and discontinuing of the degradation kinetics. The creation of good air permeability is also of crucial importance for the bioventing. A second parameter, the nutrient supply is just as essential for a good biodegradation. In order to optimise the feeding pattern the soil should be mixed with bioactivating substrates. C. Soil Air Extraction The efficiency and the design of the soil air extraction strongly depend on the soil characteristics, as these have an important effect on the movement and transportation of soil air (gas). The most important determining soil characteristics are: soil structure, stratigraphy, porosity, grain size, water level, residual contamination, and presence of macro pores. The air permeability of the soil represents the effect of these different soil characteristics. The air permeability indicates to what extent fumes can float through a porous environment.
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