NATO/CCMS Pilot Study Evaluation of Demonstrated and ... - CLU-IN

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NATO/CCMS Pilot Project on Contaminated Land and Groundwater (Phase III) January 2002 17. Papassiopi, N., Tambouris, S., Skoufadis, C. and Kontopoulos, A., 1998: Integrated leaching processes for the removal of heavy metals from heavily contaminated soils, Contaminated Soil 98, Edinburg. 18. Peters, R.W. & L. Shem, 1992: Use of chelating agents for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In ACS Symposium Series Environmental Remediation: 70-84. 19. Roche, E.G., J. Doyle & C.J. Haig, 1994: Decontamination of site of a secondary zinc smelter in Torrance California. In IMM, Hydrometallurgy ‘94: 1035-1048. London: Chapman & Hall 20. Royer, M.D., A. Selvakumar & R. Gaire, 1992: Control technologies for remediation of contaminated soil and waste deposits at superfund lead battery recycling sites. J. Air & Waste Management Association, pp. 970-980. 21. Shikatani, K.S., Yanful, E.K., 1993: An Investigation for the Design of Dry Covers for Mine Wastes, in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Drying, Roasting, Calcining and Plant Design and Operation. Part II Advances in Environmental Protection for Metallurgical Industries, eds: A. J. Olivier, W. J. Thornburn, R. Walli, 32 nd Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM, Quebec, Aug. 29-Sep.2, pp. 245-258. 22. Theodoratos, P., Papassiopi, N., and Kontopoulos, A., 1998: Stabilization of highly polluted soils, Contaminated Soil 1998, Edinburg. 27
NATO/CCMS Pilot Project on Contaminated Land and Groundwater (Phase III) January 2002 Project No. 5 Location Rademarkt (former dry cleaning site) Rotterdam Harbour (oil refinery site) Rural Area (natural gas production site) Akzo Nobel (chlorinated pesticides site) Technical Contact Herco Van Liere/Huub Rijnaarts/Sjef Staps TNO Institute of Environmental Sciences, Energy Research and Process Innovation Laan van Westenenk 501 7334 DT Apeldoorn The Netherlands Tel: +31 55 5493380 Fax: +31 55 5493410 E-mail: H.H.M.Rijnaarts@mep.tno.nl S.Staps@mep.tno.nl Project 5 was completed in 2000. 1. INTRODUCTION Application of Bioscreens and Bioreactive Zones Project Status Final report Project Dates Accepted 1998 Costs Documented? Yes 28 Contaminants Oil, BTEX, chlorinated solvents, chlorinated pesticides, and benzenes Media Name of the technology: Biowalls/Bioscreens/Biobarrier/Treatment zones Status of the technology: bench, pilot to full scale; emerging and innovative Groundwater Project Size Pilot to full-scale Technology Type In situ bioremediation Results Available? Yes Project objectives: To develop and demonstrate the technical and economical feasibility of various biowall/bioscreen configurations for interception of mobile groundwater contaminants, as a more costeffective and groundwater resources saving alternative for currently used pump-and-treat approaches. 2. SITE DESCRIPTIONS Chlorinated solvent site. The Rademarkt Site (Groningen, The Netherlands) is contaminated with perchloroethylene (PCE) and trichlorethylene (TCE). It concerns an unconfined aquifer with a clay aquitard at a depth of 9 m. The plume is located at a depth of 6 - 9 m and 150 m long and 30 to 60 m wide, and has mixed redox conditions, i.e. separate reducing and oxidising zones. Transformation rates of especially vinylchloride as observed in the field (and in the laboratory) are too slow to prevent migration of this hazardous compound to areas to be protected. Source remediation and plume interception are therefore required. Oil refinery site. At this site in the Rotterdam Harbour area, it is required to manage a plume of the dissolved fraction of a mineral oil/gasoline contamination (80% of the compounds belong to the C6 - C12 fraction). Aromatic hydrocarbon (BTEX) sites. At three sites in the north part of the Netherlands, deep anaerobic aquifers contaminated with Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene or Xylenes (BTEX) have been investigated. Under the existing sulfate-reducing conditions, the intrinsic biodegradation of toluene and ethylbenzene could be demonstrated in the field and in microcosm studies. Benzene was shown to be persistent. Managing the benzene plumes, i.e. by enhanced in-situ bioprocesses, is therefore required. Chlorinated pesticides site. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers are important pollutants introduced by the production of lindane (gamma HCH). Natural degradation of all HCH-isomers was demonstrated
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