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$A method for detailed simulations of neutron diffraction from ... - ESRF$

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Long-Term Strategy 7 July 2006 very high and expected to increase: examples are imaging and tomography beamlines and macromolecular crystallography beamlines. Report on the discussion held during the parallel session of the High-Resolution and Resonance Scattering group: Claudia Dallera (UO), Rudolf Rueffer (ESRF) The main results from the discussion of the High-Resolution and Resonance Scattering group, which took place on the first afternoon of the ESRF 2006 Users Meeting are summarised below. Beamlines ID16, ID18/ID22N, ID26 and ID28 belong to this group. There is a general consensus that the highest priority should be given to the improvement of the detection capabilities. This is important both in the frame of medium and long term strategies from the point of view of the development of new detectors (which could be organised in the frame of large collaborations) and with the goal of increasing the collection angle. In fact, the speciality of this group is inelastic X-ray scattering, which is a technique with low count-rate experiments, and efforts towards increasing the collection angle by having more efficient spectrometers with a large number of crystal analysers are already underway. The increase in ring current will of course also be very beneficial to increase the detected intensity. In order to further improve the already good beam stability, interest has been expressed in the implementation of the continuous top-up injection mode that would result in a constant heat load on the optical elements. Of course some experiments will need to gate out the data collected at the injection instant due to the sudden variations that occur to the beam. There is general consensus that very good support is received from ESRF beamline staff and infrastructure. A suggestion was given that a more user-friendly interface to the beamline control would allow users to become independent more rapidly, thus partly releasing the beamline staff from their local contact duties and improving the overall efficiency of the experiments. A point requiring a major effort in the future is felt to be the collaboration on sample environment facilities: it has been suggested that an efficient procedure could be to develop some particular parts of the sample environment at the home institution, and then requesting support for (e.g.) interfacing the sample setup to the instrument at the beamline. This would minimise incompatibilities and difficulties during the experiment. Report on the discussion held during the parallel session of the Materials Science Group: Alain Lodini, Ake Kvick (ESRF) Synchrotron X-ray studies at the ESRF have already produced world leading research in materials science and engineering. The ability to successfully deliver the best research will need investment and commitment to providing facilities to support engineering research. The foundation of the FaME38 facility has been a valuable first 44
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Long-Term Strategy 7 July 2006 step in this process. Areas of materials science research in which synchrotron X-rays play a leading role are those identified as major socio-economic drivers, and contribute fully to the formation of a pan-European knowledge-based economy. • Energy. The production, transport and storage of energy are a critical challenge for the entire European economic area. The production and use of hydrogen as a fuel (the hydrogen economy) is also a developing research area where in-depth materials research is required. Predicted future energy requirements indicate that there will be a need for new nuclear reactor technologies. These will require the characterisation of new materials and measurements of stresses under operating conditions to ensure safe plant life. • Transport. This is linked to energy use in the development of technologies such as fuel cells for vehicle power. Again, new materials will play an important part in the evolution of future transport technologies, with the aim to reduce the weight of vehicles and so reduce fuel consumption. This applies equally to the automotive, rail and aerospace sectors. New composite materials require characterisation of their internal stress behaviour during loading, for example. • Healthcare. The ageing population will become increasingly reliant on implants and prostheses for quality of life. New materials technologies including biomimetic coatings and novel methods of drug delivery will require characterisation and performance assessment. • Environment. New materials are under development for technologies such as carbon entrapment. All industrial sectors face the challenge of increased recycling and minimal disposal of the materials used in their products. Materials for the safe storage of nuclear waste require research to ensure public confidence and acceptance. Sustainable development and the safeguarding of the environment underpin many of the materials developments for the coming decades. These areas are underpinned by materials research: materials processing, functional materials, smart materials, bio-materials, and a better understanding of traditional materials as part of their incremental improvement. In terms of the provision of support for studies in these areas, synchrotron X-ray sources need to address the following issues: • The formulation of a clear strategy for the support of researchers in the fields of materials science and engineering. • The provision of ancillary equipment for in situ materials characterisation and environmental simulation, including robotic methods for sample positioning and manipulation, the possibility of performing experiments under harsh and extreme environments and equipment for the support of dynamic experiments. • The implementation of software tools for easy data analysis and experimental set-up. • Finally, serious consideration should be given to the provision of a dedicated beamline for applications in materials science and engineering. The development of international standards is ongoing and will support the broadening of the user base in the use of synchrotron X-rays for materials research. 45
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