technology, energy efficiency and environmental externalities in the ...
technology, energy efficiency and environmental externalities in the ...
technology, energy efficiency and environmental externalities in the ...
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TECHNOLOGY, ENERGY<br />
EFFICIENCY AND<br />
ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES<br />
IN THE CEMENT INDUSTRY<br />
Raw Materials<br />
Preparation<br />
Cl<strong>in</strong>ker Production<br />
- Dry Process √<br />
- Wet Process<br />
- Semi-wet Process<br />
- Semi-dry Process<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ish<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Stack<br />
(650°C)<br />
Flue<br />
gases<br />
Flue<br />
gases<br />
To<br />
Stack<br />
Stack<br />
(350°C)<br />
Heated Air<br />
(250°C)<br />
Exhaust<br />
(250°C)<br />
Energy Flow<br />
Raw Materials<br />
(Limestone, Alum<strong>in</strong>a, Iron oxide,<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r m<strong>in</strong>or constituents, etc.<br />
Limestone usually m<strong>in</strong>ed on site)<br />
Crush<strong>in</strong>g & Preblend<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Screen<strong>in</strong>g & Mill<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Proportion<strong>in</strong>g &<br />
Blend<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Dry<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Screen<strong>in</strong>g & Mill<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Burn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kiln<br />
Cl<strong>in</strong>ker Cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
70°C<br />
Mix<strong>in</strong>g with gypsum <strong>and</strong><br />
F<strong>in</strong>ish gr<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Packag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Shipp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ished Packaged<br />
Cement<br />
Cement Industry<br />
(Dry Process)<br />
Electricity<br />
Electricity<br />
Electricity<br />
Electricity &<br />
Energy (Fuel)<br />
Electricity<br />
Electricity<br />
Energy (Fuel)<br />
(3-4MJ/kg)<br />
Dust (1150°C)<br />
Electricity<br />
(Blower)<br />
Electricity<br />
(30 kWh/ton)<br />
Electricity<br />
(1.5 kWh/ton)<br />
23.5-34.5<br />
kWh/ton<br />
23-30 kWh/ton<br />
3-4MJ/kg<br />
To<br />
Stack<br />
Brahman<strong>and</strong> Mohanty<br />
Flue<br />
gases<br />
To<br />
Stack<br />
Flue<br />
gases<br />
To<br />
Stack<br />
Dust<br />
Dust<br />
Dust<br />
Dust<br />
Exhaust<br />
Waste<br />
Heated<br />
Air<br />
Effluent Flow &<br />
Emissions<br />
Raw Materials<br />
(Limestone, Alum<strong>in</strong>a, Iron oxide,<br />
o<strong>the</strong>r m<strong>in</strong>or constituents, etc.<br />
Limestone usually m<strong>in</strong>ed on site)<br />
Crush<strong>in</strong>g & Preblend<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Screen<strong>in</strong>g & Mill<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Proportion<strong>in</strong>g &<br />
Blend<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Dry<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Screen<strong>in</strong>g & Mill<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Burn<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kiln<br />
Cl<strong>in</strong>ker Cool<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Mix<strong>in</strong>g with gypsum <strong>and</strong><br />
F<strong>in</strong>ish gr<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Packag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Shipp<strong>in</strong>g<br />
F<strong>in</strong>ished Packaged<br />
Cement<br />
School of Environment, Resources <strong>and</strong> Development<br />
Asian Institute of Technology<br />
Bangkok - Thail<strong>and</strong><br />
Dust (to disposal system)<br />
* The dotted l<strong>in</strong>e represents Wet Process only
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