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Figure 3.3. Possible process of pine forests eutrophication and role of earthworms on<br />

bioindication of different stages of eutrophication<br />

3.7. Role of earthworms in the bioindication of the pine forest eutrophication<br />

processes<br />

Changes of earthworm fauna reflect the soil processes. Earthworm<br />

communities are sensitive to the forest transformation processes, forming species<br />

complexes appropriate for the soil and forest growth condition type. Also changes<br />

earthworm density, ecological groups, species structure and dominance structure<br />

((Bauchhenβ, 2006). Earthworms are an appropriate soil animal group in the nonspecific<br />

bioindication of oligotrophic pine forest transformation (eutrophication).<br />

Dynamics of the earthworm species and changes of the species structures, very<br />

well reflect complex biocenotic changes due to both the increase of forest recreation<br />

loads and the calcium pollution. As researches in Jurmala and Saulkalne transect<br />

soils show, changes in earthworm communities are detected before the fitocenotic<br />

37

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